所有鏡頭下的科學相遇，都是自然和人類的久別重逢。

Scientific encounters shown through the camera lens serve to reunite us with nature.

目錄 Contents

Using the Third Eye to View Nature's Beauty and Wonders of the Universe!

Flowing Gracefully: Transparent and Fascinating

Migratory Birds in Science and Art

Scientific Observation, Observing Science: Curatorial Viewpoint

Events 2014-2015

Stars and Planets

Geology and Minerals

Physics and Chemistry

Underwater and Marine Life

Plants and Fungi
Insects and Spiders

Animal Puzzles
Microscopic World

Index of Credits

Team Members

透過鏡頭留下的瞬間之美，再經由文字刻劃其中的真實，科學攝影不只是令人驚豔的光之饗宴，更能激盪心智、開啟窺探未知世界的新視野。

Images of beauty captured on camera are accompanied by written explanations, making them more than just a feast for the eyes. They provide new insight into and a new perspective on the exploration of the unknown.

2013年年初，一個深冬的下午，在華山園區一棟建築物的二樓，三個人在洶湧人潮中，緩緩從一幅幅巨大的黑白照片前走過，被普立茲獎的影像深深震撼！

李家維教授、王榮文董事長和我，看完了「普立茲新聞攝影獎七十年大展」全部的得獎作品，在展場中央交換觀展心得。家維兄說話了：「我們該辦個科學攝影展！」王董事長熱情贊同，我悶聲不吭，因為我知道接話的後果是什麼。但是保持低調作用不大，最後還是決定由科博館主辦這次以科學為主軸的攝影比賽，面向全世界華人！

2013年10月，第一屆「驚艷‧新視野」攝影比賽收件截止，來了375件比賽作品，圖像的精彩，內容的豐富，遠超過我自己一開始對這個攝影比賽的期待！也就因為作品各有其趣，評審過程成為一趟賞心悅目的科學思辯之旅！

當然，得獎過程除了內容，也需要一點運氣，作品主題最好不要碰上評審委員的專業！這話怎麼說？我自己看到了自然生態的萬千變化，無論是蝴蝶、蜻蜓，還是蛹之生、羽之化，都會受到強烈感動。但是與會評委中的生態學家，通常會聳聳肩膀，說：「這個每天都在看！」有些作品中的日昇月落、繁星蒼穹，其他人看得愛不忍釋，覺得天地日月星辰竟然如此美麗，這回輪到我聳聳肩：「這個每天都在看！」這樣的偏頗當然不好，因為這個比賽比的不是學術卓越，所以我會希望未來能邀請中小學老師參加，儘量從社會大眾和年輕學生的角度去欣賞科學攝影之美！

這個科學攝影比賽，要求的不只是影像本身，也希望參賽者能提供優美深入的文字，來描述和闡釋自己的作品。文字的運用是很好的機會，讓影像作品能多一個向度的生命！但這方面我必須說，許多作品的文字說明並不深刻，無法感動人心，有時連清楚明晰都需要加強，希望這個比賽能鼓勵參賽者，在科學的操作拍攝中，能增加一些人文的眼光和情懷！

第一屆的60幅得獎作品，集結成一個精彩的展覽，於2014年1月4日在科博館揭幕，同時將得獎作品集結成冊。無論是展覽還是作品集，都受到了熱烈歡迎！展覽方面，科博館已經在規劃這個科學攝影展出國巡迴，因為成本低但科學意義深厚，所以好些地方希望這個展能前去展出。作品集更有趣，剛出版時，我拿著一本到NEWS98上張大春先生的固定節目，大春來回翻閱，說：「維新啊！你上這個節目十幾年了，只有這次的置入性行銷我最肯定！」又說：「這個集子應該由教育部出錢，中小學生人手一冊！」的確，每一張攝影的背面就是言簡意賅的科學說明，一本作品集包含了60個科學故事，真能達到具體的教育傳播功效！

第二屆的攝影比賽在2014年12月31日截止，這次感謝廣達文教基金會的參與，增加了青少年組，成人組作品收到了401件，青少年組也有63件，比起第一屆有了溫和的成長。這次在徵稿時，就先請參賽者先同意「得獎授權」，也就是若獲獎，作品可由主辦單位做創意應用，成果利潤和參賽者共同分享，所以讓報名手續麻煩一些，但是仍然有更多作品參加。2015年4月份評獎完畢，7月11日「自然與藝術之迷」特展正式上檔，到年底12月13日止。這半年的展覽相信又會是社會大眾一次精彩的科學與藝術饗宴！

這兩年連續兩屆的徵稿、評選、辦展，讓科博館、財團法人國立自然科學博物館文教基金會、廣達文教基金會和科學人雜誌的同仁都忙累得十分辛苦！感謝李家維教授的指導建議、王榮文董事長的持續支持，廣達文教基金會徐繪珈執行長的協助，科博館展示組楊翎博士和科教組譚美芳小姐的辛苦籌備，也謝謝財團法人國立自然科學博物館文教基金會王曉晴小姐的協助。往後的攝影展規劃為兩年一次，讓精彩稿件能累積多些，也讓行政工作能有喘一口氣的休息時間。

攝影，是用另一隻眼看世界，而決定另一隻眼如何取景，靠的是作者的藝術內涵，當取景對象是科學事物時，就自然產生了科學與藝術的交融！希望這個比賽和展覽能持續走下去，一方面給華人世界從事科學和教育推廣的人一個發表作品的管道，另一方面也讓世人能從新穎的角度，重新瞭解自然之美、宇宙之奇！

用第三隻眼來看自然之美、宇宙之奇！

Using the Third Eye to View Nature's Beauty

and Wonders of the Universe!

國立自然科學博物館 館長

Sun, Wei-hsin

俗說「一個畫面勝過萬言書」，「科學攝影」的目的就是要以攝影來說科學，我們希望在科普的天地裡，攝影畫面取代筆墨說故事，只留少數文字提綱挈領，發揮啟發作用。

我當了二年的評審，心中稍有心得：能打動觀者的作品，必須畫面和文字兼備informative 和interpretive兩個要件。

一個畫面要有訊息性和詮釋性，怎麼辦？

我辦不到，也無法知道如何辦到。然而，我看到很多人辦到了！

我深知獲得一個畫面打動評審的心已不是那麼困難。在當下產出畫面的器具（例如相機、鏡頭、顯微鏡、電顯等）與修圖軟體的幫襯下，只要有耐心、有機會、有目標、有主題，按下快門，就可搞定畫面。

可是，要用200個字寫出訊息性與詮釋性的科普文，得要有不凡的修煉與功夫。

內容上，言之有物是必須的。外加一點感性、推理、懸疑、啟發、詩意、反轉、批判、或……，總之，看作者如何耍文字把戲了。

這次特展的次標是「自然與藝術之迷」。注意，不是「謎」！英文是「Maze between Nature and Art」！Maze這個字透露自然與藝術之間有多少「惶」與「惑」？我很佩服同仁們真有才，弄了個那麼玄的字眼，卻也道出要以詮釋走出訊息繁複的迷宮。

去年，我從一幅佳作品中獲得啟發，設計一個研究並已得到答案，「科學攝影」這個活動協助我一步步接近迷宮的出口。去年我也讓班上的學生在50多幅展項中任選一項，同樣用200個字寫上一則科普文。呵呵！我也以學生們為傲，有些人太有料了，精彩。今年，攝影作品印裝成冊，何妨在翻閱把玩之餘來個「你拍照我寫作」，有60幅任您挑，在200字間遨遊。

在這一屆的頒獎與開展典禮上，我頒了青少年組優選獎給錢昕，他走上臺時，臉上除靦腆外沒有其他表情。當銀幕映出得獎作品「生命的逗號」時，我們四目相接，他綻現一絲微笑。

白淨清秀的錢昕已考上臺大醫科，高中時期加入蝴蝶生態社團，愛上生態觀察，家裡陽臺上種植食草引來花鳳蝶產卵，他蒐集毛毛蟲蛻皮後的頭殼排成一個逗號拍攝下來。

他說：「花鳳蝶毛毛蟲蛻皮五次，每一次蛻皮約一週，我花了五週的時間觀察蒐集，蛻皮後，除了頭殼部分，毛毛蟲會把其他部分吃掉。頭殼蛻掉後最困難的是要從其他殘存部分完整割下來，常常會割壞，而且很輕，有幾次還會飛走，保持完整的蛻皮是拍攝這幅作品最辛苦的部分。」

他指出，蛻皮是為了繼續成長必經的停頓。他在作品中妝點一些禪意。

我另外頒了成人組優選獎給任職於海巡署的王釩，他的得獎作品是「冰解」，一幅集創意、直率、曼妙與學理的作品。

當固體水遇上液體水時會是什麼狀態？他自己問自己，或許也有其他人曾這樣問過。

為了尋找答案，他把色料加入水中作成彩色冰塊，丟進水中的那一刻，固體水與液體水忙碌交纏時，色料翻滾的悠揚舞動直白地顯示固態變液態的物理現象。

手法具創意，畫面亦具視覺美感與說明性，優選獎落入他的懷中。

王釩表示，為了這幅作品，他花上一個多月的時間，每天都試了上百次，融化的冰塊因冷熱對流作用快速向四周擴散，模樣像艷麗的火焰，冰冷與熱炙的相似程度發人深思，這就是物理現象。

在鼓勵青少年及攝影家捕捉自然與藝術之美的目標下，錢昕和王釩都是典範。

悠揚曼妙 似透似迷

Preface: Flowing Gracefully: Transparent and Fascinating

國立自然科學博物館 學術副館長

Chou, Wen-hao

起

起了個大早到臺北，這天好熱鬧，有花，有人，還有咯咯叫不停的雞，在華山文化創意園區，「漫步花草雨林，書寫科學與人」座談會裡，一群熱愛分享科普知識的同好聚集在此，科學推廣界的前輩們與新新人類齊聚一堂，大陸果殼網CEO姬十三先生是當天的主角，藉著《科學也是種冷浪漫》新書上市，與大夥兒分享兩岸的科普推展實況，會中他不斷放送清新氣味，配合著李家維老師復育的保種雞鳴，大家其樂融融。

會後，合作夥伴們聚集一處，說著隔壁正在展出幀幀精彩的「普立茲新聞獎攝影大展」，每幅作品背後都有動人故事，影像述說著我們知道或不知道，願意或不願意面對的世界，真實的報導充滿張力、撼動人心。而我們既然花費心力做科學溝通，用影像來說故事不也是個好手法。桌邊兒上臨時湊起會議的孫維新館長、科博館文教基金會的李家維董事長，以及科學人雜誌的王榮文董事長，三個合作無間的好夥伴單位開始想像未來發展的可行性，這事就這樣起了頭，我知道三位急性子長官不會給太多時間就得進入實際執行階段，討論過後倒是很快確定了這必是華人世界的比賽、要邀請專業的評審、需要募集獎金、最後要有博物館等級的展覽，一如科學大使宣揚科學一般，把科學故事送出去，同時把人帶進來。

2013年，是驚艷新視野科學攝影比賽元年，我們整整比普立茲新聞獎小了70歲。

承

承接這項業務，我先得設想誰會來投件？或者是說，我們希望誰來投件？一位專注於攝影的攝影人？一位潛心於科研的科學家？一個隨意拍但觀察到或想到有趣現象的民眾？幾個合辦單位想法不謀而合，希望透過一個比賽平臺可以跨領域共學共享，所以這個活動廣開大門，是個不論設備，不限主題，不限尺度，從任何角度得到有科學內涵、尊重生命環境、又具創意美感的影像，它可以說是個「全民運動」。

全民運動這事可行嗎？現在幾乎人人都有隨手可拍攝的工具，照相不是難事，難在於如何尋找創意，說個具有科學性的故事；同理，科學家實驗室中拍攝所得的影像也不少，科學家願不願意走出象牙塔，添加「科學親和性」，為普羅大眾解謎也解惑。我們期待用畫面當作引子，釣引出科學趣味。既然畫面是主角，文字就不需多，用200個字來寫故事，是取得美好畫面外另一項挑戰。科學攝影比賽的目標，源頭是分享，最終是收穫，從創作者到觀眾，都能學習。

我們收到了從臺灣潮間帶上的彈塗魚，到東加群島的大翅鯨母子；從新疆鵜鶘吃魚的模樣，到臺灣翠鳥衝入水面捕魚的畫面；從天文望遠鏡窺探宇宙星空，到顯微鏡下的結晶粒子；那躲在地瓜葉後面的金花蟲說哈囉的模樣竟是如此可愛，與海中看似微笑的海蛞蝓同樣讓人開懷。夜間的蟲蛙很精彩，而我們也從圖像了解螢火蟲發光的細胞排列有著甚麼機密；大自然也有LV，它是錢幣水母的卵；動物中藏著宮崎駿卡通中的王蟲，那可能是毛馬陸的化身；刮手的植物上面有如同玻璃的矽結晶；X光下的種子如夢似幻；基因重組成功的實驗鼠，身上螢光橘鑲嵌螢光綠，果蠅的腦神經網絡細密難解......。從天上到地下，從空中到水裡，從國內到國外，從巨觀到微觀，畫面打開了我們的視野，穿梭於未知世界。故事中文字的精髓聚斂成影像焦點，科學性的美感驅走生硬，而且充滿創意。這個全民共同策展的活動，燈光由作者巧妙投射，靜謐優雅的展場中處處充滿驚艷的亮點。

轉

轉赴館外是展覽生命的延續，作品進來，展覽出去，走過越多地方，就越多人關注，也就有越多作品進來。這個活動加進廣達文教基金會的參與，第二屆向下延伸，設立青少年獎，而最年輕的得獎者是六年級學生，這為廣達夥伴的校園推廣計畫帶來希望。我們不只從大人的角度來看待科學，更可以從年輕的視角觀察，我們不只在臺灣有故事，在大陸也可以精彩，持續兩屆，大陸合作夥伴《環球科學雜誌》替我們在大陸花費心力收集不少異地科學故事。科技部除了注重科學研究外，也致力於科學推廣，看見科學與藝術結合後的威力，支持巡迴展覽與教育活動，努力讓得獎作品被看見、故事被討論、影響被擴大。

這些持續不斷在 in and out的畫面流轉中尋找夥伴的跨領域合作，已悄悄轉進各個值得努力的地域，把科學好故事送進人心。

合

合作在於彼此分享，對於主、協辦單位是如此，對於投件團隊成員是如此，對於參賽者和主辦者是如此，對於得獎者和觀賞者更是如此。社會中充滿需要科學對話的議題，能分享觀點才有可能建立信任。核能是個一時之間讓人難以說明白的主題，投稿者的實驗室進行核廢料的減低活性實驗，結晶出來的鈾化合物，作者後製上色後宛如新生的幼苗，似乎在核廢料的處理上展現一絲希望，這是第一屆特別增加的評審團特別獎，彰顯的是一個實驗室的努力、一位作者的創意、一個複雜議題的可能解答，一種介乎科學和藝術間的微妙引力。

我們在一幀幀作品中，努力找尋這些對話的可能。吳明益老師在〈浮光〉中寫到：

影像是飛行在藝術與科學間的候鳥，

不肯放棄任何棲地，

也不能放棄任何一個棲地。

雖然比普立茲新聞獎小了70歲，才剛開始學步，但來自各方的參與者，已在這個共學共享的平臺上共創價值，我們持續在此靜靜等待候鳥到訪，帶來各方訊息。

這是個全民運動，對於科學和藝術都是。

飛行科學與藝術之間的候鳥

Migratory Birds in Science and Art

譚美芳 Tan, Mei-fang

視覺過程中，外在的感官刺激，是以光的形式，透過眼睛傳送到大腦，形成有意義的影像。然欲了解所見視覺意義，卻需要從文化中去學習如何看見，以及決定符號的意義。

Vision is caused by external sensory stimulation of the eyes, which is transferred as signals to the brain, resulting in the creation of an image. To be able to understand the meaning behind a certain image, we must first learn how to see and interpret symbols from a cultural perspective.

科學凝視：焦點的滙聚

「科學攝影」在知識溝通和藝術轉介上扮演重要的角色。「科學凝視」之眼，將觀察、假設、實驗的成果，透過鏡頭和物質的複製，經由系統歸納分析形成知識。過程中對真、善、美的追求，與藝術創作不謀而合。鑒此，國立自然科學博物館（以下簡稱科博館）、財團法人國立自然科學博物館文教基金會、《科學人》和《環球科學》雜誌首度合作，以華人世界愛好攝影者為對象，廣徵科學工作者釋出研究過程中產出的影像數據，同時也鼓勵社會大眾使用手邊的攝影器材，將生活中觀察領略到的畫面，以攝影的方式捕捉記錄下來，讓觀賞者經由視覺的感動與震撼，體驗和學習影像中的科學之美。

2013年底，來自臺灣、港澳、大陸、東南亞等地區的375件作品，由不同科學領域的評審進行初審、複審與決選，內容涵蓋天文、生物、醫學、理化、地球科學和環境生態等領域的本體和現象。60組得獎作品公布後一個月，推出「驚豔‧新視野：科學攝影特展」(2014.1.4-6.8)，廣受海內外科學攝影愛好者的關注，並接續至彰化原住民生活館(2014.9.18-12.31)、南投自然史教育館(2015.1.22-11.17)、嘉義自然史教育館(2015.12.30-2016.8.30)等國內各自然史教育館巡迴。由此發展成年度性常例活動，期勉媲美「普立茲新聞攝影獎」、「衛爾康生物醫學影像獎」或「國家地理全球攝影大賽」格局，成為華人世界永續辦理之獎座和展演活動。

自第二屆開始，為培養更多年輕學子對周邊環境產生探索的興趣，徵件擴大分為成人組和青少年組（18歲以下）。來自學生、教師、公務員，研究實驗、影像、設計、環境保育、醫藥衛生、博物館、科技、科學傳播教育等從業人員投件數增至464件，入選計成人組56件、青少年組20件。拍攝主體有的宏如宇宙星辰，有的則微如孢粉細胞，於「2015科學攝影：自然與藝術之迷特展」(7.11-12.13)公開亮相，同步舉行頒獎典禮公布優選者名單。展後並至國立臺灣科學教育館(2016.2.1-5.22)等館所巡迴。

科博館除了提供不同科學焦點滙聚的展臺，亦透過系列科普活動，試圖擴展「凝視科學」的可能向度。例如：舉辦「掌握霎那間：談科學攝影作品創作講座」和「科學攝影研習工作坊」，主題涵蓋：自然之美：談環境生態攝影(2014.4.13)、超越肉眼：顯微鏡下的造物之美(4.20)、天地之美：賞析天文與地球科學攝影(4.26)、認識科學攝影(2015.10.4，兩梯次)、科學攝影實作(10.11，兩梯次)、科學攝影實務座談會(10.24)。參與學員約400位，年齡層從國小學童到銀髮年長者，得獎者、學者專家和觀眾交流對談十分踴躍。

未來計畫納入更多樣化的內容，如：進入校園推廣，在科技部「科學迴廊」進行推播，製作網路宣傳短片、發展專輯電子書，並安排海內外巡迴展示。藉由增加擴點方式，傳達科學世界多樣化的視野，以培育更多的種子，拓展探索知識的樂趣，同時提昇攝影創意與藝術內涵。

科學、藝術與空間的相遇

誠如廿世紀物理學家愛因斯坦所言：「科學和藝術的共通泉源是神秘」。面對浩瀚宇宙及結構規律的奧秘，科學和藝術分別從理性與感性觀點，洞察及感受事物的表象和真理，共同懷抱探索未知的想望，從而成為啟發人類創造力的泉源。

愛因斯坦認為科學的轉化就像一件藝術作品，達文西則稱圖像的製作是一種科學。科學與藝術兩者之間的緊密關係，由東西方許多古典博物學家，同時是科學研究和圖像繪製者得以印證。例如：培根(Roger Bacon)、布里內里(Filippo Brunelleschi）、宋應星（《天工開物》作者）、李時珍（《本草綱目》作者）、丁韙良（《格物入門》作者）等，皆曾將觀察發現的自然元素和規律，轉化成圖像描述的方式以傳遞知識經驗，在科學與文明發展史中有著獨特的歷史定位。

19世紀上半葉，銀版照相法、相機等光學技術與設備陸續問世，人們開始大量利用影像來認識世界。然而，從工業革命到近代的資訊革命，學科分流朝專業深化發展，受視野日趨狹窄化的現代專門領域影響，科學技術和圖像藝術之間的鴻溝逐漸加劇。雖然一些學派認為科技與藝術是對立和互相衝突的，而晚近崛起的思潮，已趨向彌補之間的鴻溝，即如「新博物學」便主張回歸科學與人文並濟的博物精神（王鼎銘，1997；楊翎，2011）。因此，如何催發科學、影像和藝術跨領域合作契機，導引探索核心創意背後的驅動力，開啟人們重新認識經驗世界，是21世紀自然科學類博物館須面對的挑戰。

科博館作為引領1980年代以後，臺灣新博物館運動的重要指標，長久以來十分注重科學、人文與藝術之間的溝通對話，辦理多項競賽、展演和教育推廣活動。一方面引介藝術家如何將科學素材作為創作題材，另一方面，也演繹科學家如何將研究過程產出的獨特視角，當做藝術品來呈現。用以迎接各界朋友，從另外一個角度，掀開另外一扇門，透過科學與藝術結合之作品，重新欣賞宇宙之美，進行心智和創意的交流對話。

例如：2002年推出的「科學的藝術影像」特展，展出英國衛爾康信託（Wellcome Trust）「生物醫學影像大獎」之作品，首開風氣之先。其後，因蒐藏展示業務需要大量科學插圖說明，於是發展常態式「科學繪圖展演室」，邀請擅長繪圖的藝術家駐館，在玻璃窗內繪製生物的標本圖樣；以真人實境的方式，讓觀眾了解工作的過程。觀眾可透過麥克風與藝術家對話，藝術家除了介紹科學繪圖技術，藉此也分享與館內研究人員合作經驗。2006年開始，自然學友之家亦著手開辦科學繪圖競賽，分國小、國中、高中與成人組，比賽期間安排訓練課程，並由各領域研究者指導如何觀察記錄自然現象，用以增進學員與實物標本間的對話能力，同時請藝術家指導學員繪圖重點，解答繪圖過程遭遇的問題。

2013年，孫維新、李家維和王榮文三位先生，連袂參觀一項新聞攝影大展後，面對眾多國際優秀作品，認為應有一項專屬華人世界的攝影賽事，因緣際會成為「科學攝影比賽」的催生者。筆者接獲任務後，隨即籌組策展團隊，思索如何將生活、科學、藝術做一連結。為便於巡迴推廣，採用易於拆裝之輕量化鋁擠型組裝框構。框構採用「鸚鵡螺」之橫斷隔板結構形式，等角螺線之內捲中心為三幅優選作品。取「鸚鵡螺」螺旋形盤卷架構意象，係因其有海洋「活化石」之稱，在地球上經歷了1.5億年的演變，在研究生物進化和古生物學等方面具有重要價值。

為連結各作品，展開科學與藝術、物性與空間，自然結構與人為解構的三度空間對話，本展邀請雕塑家曲德華老師出借「漾之形」19件系列作品。曲老師以鐵絲材質，展現花、葉、蝶蛹的幾何結構。鐵絲網格具明顯的穿透性，給人無隱私的開放空間感，但卻有著堅固隔離的封閉形式，在輕盈無重力感的光影下，與宇宙自然井然有序的理絡互相呼應。此外，展場並設置作品選單互動媒體，以及「自然科學狂想曲」和「樹與鳥群交響曲」之地牆投影，引導觀眾深入攝影創作者的心路歷程。

繼第一屆「鸚鵡螺」螺線隔室風後，第二屆採「自然拼圖」和「綠野迷宮」概念敘事。緣於人類對宇宙自然探索過程，宛如拼圖迷思的架接、迷宮間的遊走，同時透露科學攝影者對自然與藝術的迷戀和迷惑。陳金蓮女士的「觀雲」系列作品懸浮於空中，從場外延伸至場內雲起之處，循著鳥、蜂、蛙鳴聲和花草香氣，喚起聽覺和嗅覺記憶，以此感受身處自然的美境，享受科學、圖像和藝術間跨領域的對話，重啟認識周遭經驗世界和創作驅動力的核心。

凝視科學：觀者的視線

科學和藝術圖像之知識形成本身，是一個複雜的過程。展場中，觀眾最常問的一句話就是「什麼是科學攝影？」即使每件作品搭配影像產出過程和手法的自我詮釋，不過，對大多參觀者而言，科學、攝影和科學攝影，仍是暨熟悉又陌生的詞彙。

為掌握社會大眾對內觀文化知識形塑的過程變化，以及觀眾基於何種經驗，聚集科學概念和攝影工具，實體化的進入生活藝術中。筆者採取質性與量化併用之調查方法。首先在展場放置留言檯，其次設置網路問卷，同時安排中學美術課校外教學，了解學生參觀學習成效。以此擴展與公民社會需求對話，作為未來挹注博物館強化科學與藝術教育角色功能的參考。

針對「科學」、「攝影」、「科學攝影」和「藝術」的概念，填答者一詞多義的回應，展現不同角度的哲思，摘要如下：

一、科學是：「藉由細微觀察，對事物產生疑問及好奇，透過大膽假設，完整及小心的實驗求證，最後得到結論，再經由其他人的反覆驗證，確認為真理」。「關於自然界、社會和思維的存在形式和變化規律的知識體系」。「對於事物的各種研究，試圖透過研究觀察得出事物的發展原理與背後的規則」。「具有研究實驗與邏輯推導的學科，因此自然界的萬物都可是科學的研究內涵」。

二、攝影是：「保留過去一瞬間的美感」。「讓人類得以保留所有想永久回憶的事物的方法」。「用影像記錄一切攝影所面對的，同時是某種會持續消失的東西，所呈現出來的過去無法再次補捉和回復的記憶」。「攝影是用影像記錄事件以片刻保存永恆 」。「是指使用某種專門設備進行影像記錄的過程」。

三、科學攝影是：「在科學求證過程中保存實際影像，加以佐證理論」。「利用鏡頭，讓我們可以看到不易觀察的自然現象，或是將動態的過程化成一瞬間，或是傳達大自然中的神奇，或是表達各現象規律中的美」。「將科學的意義目的等歷程，藉由攝影者的解讀及眼界，進而永久保存片刻動容或異思，或忠實呈現科學神秘變化無窮的氛圍及意涵」。「各種角度記錄周遭，透過觀察、記錄拍攝出大自然的萬事萬物，抓住那一瞬間的感動，是經過無數時間精神的付出」。

四、藝術是：「攝影的藝術就是讓須臾化永恆呈現最美的畫面，藝術是歷史與文化不斷地演化傳承累積出來之結晶」。「如果說生命的三大元素是陽光、空氣、水，那麼藝術便是這三個元素所誕生的衍生物。陽光的折射產生彩虹，水的波動引起漣漪，空氣的振動產生共鳴，而藝術則是在彩虹下的漣漪變化中產生與自然的共鳴」。「表達既有的個人感知並融合想像力的過程，藝術本身可以述說一個故事，也可以只是表達一個對於美的感動。因此科學攝影也是一種藝術的表現」。

開放式留言書寫，多表達對活動的肯定：「沒想到生活上竟然有許多我所不知道的事物，真是讓我大開眼界」。「在影像中看到所謂的『過去』，但這成為了記憶，生物的那秒由你們保存，我笑了，好棒」。「科學是可以與藝術並行的，身為一個理工科系卻深愛art的大學生，我真心喜歡此展。」「在微觀的視角下，看到科學與藝術結合，感受對科學的另一種悸動」。「好羨慕能這樣方便就看到這麼用心和精彩的展覽，第一次看展覽看得熱淚盈眶」。「感謝您的創意和執行力，這是一個很美好的科學分享，但願這感動能感染更多的大眾一起來享受科學之美」。「應廣為宣導使民眾參與」。「請每年舉辦，謝謝」。

關於攝影相關議題，填答者(N=978)平日做記錄的習慣以攝影最多(79.4%)，其次是文字(71.2%)、繪畫(28.2%)和聲音(19.8%)。使用相機的場合為日常生活(84.8%)、興趣主題(67.6%)、工作(50.0%）和婚喪喜慶(38.3%)。拍攝對象以人物和自然生態(78.5、77.9%)最多，其次是城鄉景觀(63.0%)、藝術設計(53.9%)、人文民俗(51.9%)和科學實驗(31.9%)。接觸科學攝影的管道為博物館(84.1%)、電子媒體(51.4%)、平面媒體(48.5%)、參加活動(32.5 %)和學校(30.4%)。會考慮參加下屆科學攝影比賽者占57. 5%。

就參觀過展示(52. 5％)的觀眾而言，同意本展有助於了解科學攝影者占86.4%，90.5%對攝影作品按讚。參觀身分以一般觀眾和會員觀眾(38.8、32.7%)為主，其次是優惠入館觀眾(18.1%)。參觀時間以21-30分鐘和1小時以上最多(25.8、21.8%)，其次是11-20和31-40分鐘(20.6、17.6%)。參觀目的依次為專程吸收新知(59.4%)、親友出遊約會(32.7%)、到附近順道一遊(26.6%)、學校教學或作業報告(7.3%)。

以中學美術課校外教學為例，最受學生(N=253）歡迎的作品是「靜默之石」、「閃電六分鐘」、「絢麗小宇宙」和「泛星會仙女」(各6%)，其次是「陸蟹釋幼」、「種子幻境」、「繽紛魚骨」(各5%)，顯示和觀眾(n=763)票選結果十分接近。喜歡的攝影作品主題依次是：海洋與水生生物(61.5%)、天文(60.8%)、動物與鳥類(53.6%)、昆蟲與蜘蛛(45.2%)、理化現象(43%)、植物與真菌(42.1%)、實驗室顯微攝影(34.9%)、地質與礦物(32.9%)。認為「科學攝影」與「藝術」有關連性者高達84.2%，

就參觀偏好而言，透過網際網路(67.5%)得知博物館活動訊息者最多，其次是平面媒體(45.9%)、來館才得知(33.0%)、電子媒體(32.9%)和人際網絡(32.5%)。最近一次來科博館的參觀行程，以特展最多(57.7%)，其次是生命科學廳(51.0%)、科學中心(41.1%)、地球環境廳(37.8%)、人類文化廳(37.0%)、植物園(34.1%)和劇場(28.9%)。期待的特展領域依序為生物學(54.3%)、天文(47.0%)、視覺傳達與文創設計(39.5%)、考古學(39.5%)、古生物(38.5%)、醫藥衛生(38.0%)、科技發展(37.5%）、多元多樣(34.0%)和民族學(30.4%)。

在人口學特徵方面，年齡層以11-40歲（11-20歲25.6%、21-30歲24.0%、31-40歲21.3%）最多，女性(60.9%)多於男性(39.1%)。居住地集中在中部(68.9%)和北部(16.5%)。教育程度依序為大專(49.6%)、研究所(20.2%)和中學生(17.3%)。主修科目以理工(18.2%)和商／管理(17.8%)最多，其次是人文與社會(14%)、自然(13.8%)、醫護(11.1%)、教育(10%)。職業以學生(44.0%)和軍警公教人員(17.5%)為主，其次是家管、退休或待業中(11.5%)、服務業(10.0%)、工商／製造業(9.8%)。

總結而言，觀眾對科學攝影活動多持正面肯定的態度。填寫問卷者以中部、大專程度、主修理工商管之學生為大宗，除了學生外，親子同遊比例亦高，且顯示女性在家庭教育上扮演重要角色。此外，接觸到科學攝影主要透過博物館，參觀動機為專程吸收新知，網際網路是得知博物館活動訊息的重要來源。咸認展示有助於了解科學攝影，其中又以天文、海洋與水生生物類最受青睞，期待博物館多舉辦相關主題特展。

小結

2013年啟動的「科學攝影」活動，分為徵件、比賽、展示、教育推廣、出版、展示評估、巡迴展等階段，鼓勵大眾將觀察發生的經驗和實據，轉化成具有創意和科學內涵的影像，再藉由影像產出過程和手法的自我詮釋，展現認識世界多樣化的路徑。

如果博物館是「科學凝視」圖像符碼的提供者，那麼，普羅大眾便是「凝視科學」的解碼者。觀眾對科學、攝影、藝術的多義性詮釋，透露流動多樣的先備知識經驗，決定觀看視線的異質性，投射在對作品的喜好度和參觀回應的解構上。

拭目以待各界朋友持續的支持和投入，從不同角度紛呈探索科學的拼圖，透過分享、交流和相互激粹的過程，經驗宇宙萬物之神奇和美妙。

科學凝視、凝視科學：策展觀點

Scientific Observation, Observing Science: Curatorial Viewpoint

楊翎 Yang, Lin

（上）第一屆頒獎典禮

（下）第一屆「掌握霎那間：

談科學攝影作品創作」科學攝影研習講座

（上）第二屆頒獎典禮

（中）第二屆科學攝影實作

（下）第二屆科學攝影實務座談會

（左上）第一屆「驚豔‧新視野：科學攝影」特展等角透視圖 。圖/ 黃亭絮

（左下） 海報 。 圖/ 劉宜羚

（右圖） 展示場景。框構以等角螺線排列，展區面積396平方米。

（左上）第二屆「2015科學攝影：自然與藝術之迷」特展等角透視圖。圖/ 黃亭絮

（左下）本展並榮獲科技部104年度科普海報競賽金牌獎。 圖/ 侯虹如

（右圖）展示場景。從快門意象進入場展，進入綠色迷宮的世界。

（上）

（中）

（下）

巡迴展示包裝與運輸，箱體皆經國際植物保護公約IPPC檢疫標準程序加熱處理。以利國際巡迴展之用。

維護科同仁巡迴展布展情形。

南投自然史教育館巡迴展示開幕式。

參考文獻/

王鼎銘，1997。資訊時代人文藝術與科技結合的時代意義。空大學訊86年11月號，205:38-43頁。　

楊翎，2011。影像的博物館人類學視角與理論意涵。文資學報第6期:29-59。

Sturken, Marita and Lisa Cartwright，2013 [2009]。陳品秀、吳莉君譯。觀看的實踐：給所有影像世代的視覺文化導論[Practices of

Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture ]。臺北：臉譜出版。

科學攝影就如插畫，可以如實描繪。但是我們更應深入觀察一個生命或現象，明白它的獨特性、知曉它的運行節奏，然後找到視野、安靜等待。於是你能察覺人所不察的微跡，捕獲那個瞬間，成就自我。

Scientific images come from the in-depth observation of life or a phenomenon. Understanding the uniqueness of a subject and its rhythms requires watching and waiting. These images capture the beauty of that special moment that is initially only seen and enjoyed by the photographer.

來自星星的

Stars and Planets

NGC5139 Omega星團 塔塔加星軌

NGC5139 Omega Star Cluster: The Star Trails of Tataka

顏豐鈞 魏旭辰

NGC5139（Omega星團）為球狀星團之王，其規模之大用肉眼即依稀可見，若使用望遠鏡觀賞，則更為壯觀。但臺灣地處北半球，能看到此星團只有在夏天入夜後的兩個小時裡。星軌是最為簡單卻也是最為困難的攝影方式，此張相片記錄了幾位追星人在寒冷的冬天夜晚捕捉星野的景象。

NGC5139 (Omega star cluster) is the king of globular clusters. It is faintly visible to the naked eye. But, through a telescope, it becomes majestic. As Taiwan is located in the northern hemisphere, this star cluster is only visible for two hours each night in the summer. The star trails are the simplest yet the trickiest to photograph. The second image captures astronomy amateurs watching the stars on a cold and wintery night.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

NGC5139半人馬座Omega星團：2013年7月3日攝於南投鳶峰停車場。設備：高橋EM-10+Borg 100ED+ Canon 300D（改IR cut）。後製：DSS+Photoshop疊合。

塔塔加星軌：2013年1月28日攝於南投塔塔加上東埔停車場。設備：Canon 5D3+18~55mm鏡頭。後製：startrails疊合。

The NGC5139 Omega Centauri globular star cluster was photographed in the carpark of Yuanfeng, Nantou on July 3, 2013. Equipment: Takahashi EM-10 + Borg 100ED + Canon 300D (IR cut modified). Image stacking: DSS + Photoshop.

Tataka star trail: Photographed in the carpark of Dongpu, Tataka in Nantou on January 28, 2013. Equipment: Canon 5D3 +18~55mm lens. Image stacking: startrails.

夫妻觀銀河

Couple Observing the Milky Way

葉世賢

在新中橫拍攝，於夫妻樹之上的銀河是攝星愛好者必拍的。本銀河系是太陽系所處的星系。是一個由1,000至4,000多億顆恆星、數千個星團和星雲組成的棒狀漩渦星系，我們居住的地球則屬於太陽系中的一個行星，我們只要夜晚在沒有光害的地方面向南方就可以看到銀河了。

Photographing the Milky Way above the Fu Qi (Husband and Wife) trees along the New Central Cross-island Highway is a must for photo enthusiasts. The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our solar system. It is a barred spiral galaxy that contains 100 to 400 billion stars and thousands of star clusters and nebulas. Earth is a planet belonging to the solar system. We can view the Milky Way at night if we look toward the southern sky in a place free of light pollution.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年9月25日攝於玉山國家公園塔塔加。拍攝設備：Canon 1DX 數位單眼相機、腳架、快門線。

鏡頭：廣角16mm，ISO-3200，f/3.2，快門：20秒，無後製。

Taken at Tataka in Yushan National Park on September 25, 2013. Equipment: Canon 1DX DSLR, tripod and cable release.

Camera shot: Wide-angle 16mm, ISO-3200, f/3.2, shutter: 20 seconds. No image stacking.

泛星會仙女

Drifter Meets Fairy

虞駿

彗星，絕大多數情況下，只是不起眼的小不點，緩慢運行在太陽系的偏遠地帶。然而有時，這些富含揮發性物質的小傢伙也會闖入內太陽系，在陽光的輻射之下釋放出大量氣體和塵埃，拖出一條甚至多條壯觀的彗尾，華麗麗地現身天際。比如編號C/2011 L4、名為「泛星」的這顆彗星，它在4月6日從著名的仙女座大星系附近掠過，看起來甚至比後者還要龐大。當然，這只是一個視覺上的錯覺，畢竟星系的距離要比當時彗星的距離遠出千億倍之多。

Small and insignificant, comets usually move slowly in the distant corners of the solar system, but sometimes these small bodies enter the inner solar system and emit large amounts of gases and dust under the radiance of sunlight, displaying one or many magnificent tails that brighten up the night sky. This C/2011 L4 comet is called “ Pan-STARRS”. On April 6th it flew across Andromeda, dwarfing that galaxy. But, this is just an illusion as the distance to that galaxy is about a hundred billion times the distance to that comet.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

C/2011 L4泛星彗星，是2013年初出現的一顆肉眼可見的彗星，4月6日前後運行到仙女座大星系附近，提供了同時拍攝這兩個天體的一個絕佳機會。為了把握這次機會，前往河北省張北壩上草原，凌晨時分在一個叫白不落的地方，冒著- 8℃低溫守候那泛星彗星和仙女座星系的「相遇」。使用哈雷星野赤道儀，跟蹤恆星的東升西落。相機Canon 5D mark II，鏡頭EF70 - 200 L II，焦距200mm，感光ISO-3200，光圈f/2.8，單張照片的曝光時間為30秒。連續拍攝42張之後，將它們疊加在一起降噪，扣除天光背景的干擾，再調整和裁剪出圖。

The comet C/2011 L4 was visible to the naked eye in early 2013. On April 6th, the comet was found to be moving across Andromeda; creating an opportunity to take photos of both celestial bodies in a single frame. For the sake of capturing this, I headed to Zhangbei Bashang grassland in Hebei Province, to a place called Baibuluo, during the early hours of the morning. Under an extreme temperature of -8°C, I caught both coming close to each other. Equipment included Halley's HLEQ mount to track the comet. Canon 5D mark II was used to capture the image, EF 70-200 L II at 200mm, ISO-3200, aperture f/2.8, 30 seconds for each single shot. Stacking with 42 shots in total.

啞鈴星雲 M27

Dumbbell Nebula M27

余杰澄

以周圍的黑襯托其孤寂，M27啞鈴星雲是夏季最美麗的星雲之一。啞鈴星雲屬行星狀星雲，在夜空下顯得昏暗而較難以觀測，然而，因為其他行星狀星雲更為不起眼或比啞鈴星雲小，M27成為最早被人類發現的行星狀星雲。M27中心的恆星是目前已知最大的白矮星，整個星雲外型看起來就像是一個可愛的啞鈴，因而得名。

M27: The Dumbbell Nebula stands out in the lonely darkness of a summer evening. Although the Dumbbell Nebula is rather dim, it is the first planetary nebula discovered. At its center is the largest known white dwarf. Its name came about due to its dumbbell-like appearance.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月攝於合歡山-翠峰。使用景德光學 WO Megrez120 f/7.5 折射式望遠鏡 + Canon EOS 300D相機（改UV/IR cut濾鏡）拍攝，ISO-1600，總曝光時間1時24分（單張曝光3.5min）。使用高橋EM-200B赤道儀追蹤。在DeepSkyStacker軟體裡進行減偏壓、暗電流與平場校正，最後用Photoshop處理。

Taken at Cuifeng, Hehuan Mountain in July 2014 using a William Optics WO Megrez120 f/7.5 refractor + Canon EOS 300D camera (modified UV/IR cut filter) ISO-1600, total exposure time: 1 hour 24 minutes (3.5min for each single exposure). Mount: Takahashi EM-200B, processed with DeepSkyStacker for bias, dark and flat. Calibrated with Photoshop.

同是星團，長幼有序：M13 vs. NGC2244

Filial Piety in the Star Cluster Family

林禹辰

天空中有許多的星團，可分為球狀星團與疏散星團，但他們的命運與「份量」卻完全不同。球狀星團（如M13）多分布於天空中偏離銀河的位置，質量大，甚至比銀河系還要古老。疏散星團（如NGC2244）則多分布於銀河盤面上，是年輕恆星的主要誕生區之一。縱然如此，仍可見到美麗的星雲在附近，如畫面中發射星雲NGC2237（星際塵埃等受激發而發射特定顏色的光譜：紅色來自Hα、[N2]、[S2] /藍綠色來自[O3]、Hβ）。

The star clusters can be categorized into globular clusters and open clusters. Their fate and mass differ greatly. Globular clusters (M13 for an example) are bulky in mass and usually sit far away from the Milky Way. Some are even more ancient than the Milky Way itself. The open clusters (NGC2237) mostly sit on the galactic disk, which is also the birthplace of many stars. One can still witness picturesque nebulae in the skies above, such as this NGC2237 nebula. The stimulated emission nebula has a specific spectrum: red comes from Hα、[N2]、[S2]/aquamarine comes from [O3]、Hβ.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年1月攝於玉山國家公園塔塔加。圖1為球狀星團M13：使用景德光學WO Megrez120 f/7.5折射式望遠鏡+ Canon EOS 350D（改UV/IR cut濾鏡），ISO-1600，總曝光時間1時8分（單張曝光1.5min/3min/5min）。使用高橋EM-200B赤道儀追蹤。圖2為疏散星團NGC2244與發射星雲NGC2237，使用BORG 100ED f/5（搭配減焦鏡使用）折射式望遠鏡+ Canon EOS 300D（改UV/IR cut濾鏡），ISO-1600，總曝光時間2時11分（單張曝光1.5min/5min）。使用高橋EM-10 TemmaPCJr赤道儀追蹤。在DeepSkyStacker軟體裡進行減偏壓、暗電流與平場校正，最後進入Photoshop處理。

Taken at Tataka in Yushan National Park. Image 1: Globular cluster M13: William Optics WO Megrez 120 f/7.5 refracting telescope + Canon EOS 350D (customized UV/IR cut filter), ISO-1600. Total exposure time: 1 hour 8 minutes. (Single exposure 1.5 min/3min/5min). Takahashi EM-200 B equatorial mount was used for tracking. Image 2: Open cluster NGC2244 and emission nebula NGC2237 were captured using BORG 100ED f/5 (paired with a reducer), refracting telescope + Canon EOS 300D (customized UV/IR cut filter), ISO-1600, total exposure time 2 hours 11 minutes (1.5min/5min each). Takahashi EM-10 Temma PC Jr equatorial mount was used for tracking. Reduction of bias, dark and flat field were done in DeepSkyStacker. Additional retouching was done in Photoshop.

2

M81. M82：波德與雪茄星系

Bode and Cigar Galaxy

陳星諭

圖左是M81波德星系，右邊是M82雪茄星系，兩者同位於大熊座，是距離本星系群最近的星系集團。兩者都包含了絲狀的塵埃且因和NGC3077星系間有著劇烈的交互作用，造成三個星系都剝離了氫氣體。M82星系中有顆超新星爆炸過，屬Ia型的超新星，在距地球如此近處算是罕見。

The image on the left is of the M81 Bode galaxy and the one on the right is of the M82 Cigar galaxy. They are both located in the constellation Ursa Major. Situated closest to our home galaxy, they both contain filament-like dust and their violent interaction with NGC3077 has resulted in the stripping of hydrogen from all three galaxies. M82 has experienced a type la supernova, which is rare in such a short distance from Earth.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年1月攝於玉山塔塔加。使用景德光學WO Megrez120 f/7.5折射式望遠鏡+ Canon EOS 350D相機（改UV/IR cut濾鏡），ISO-1600，總曝光時間4時20分（單張曝光1.5min/3min/5min）。使用高橋EM-200B赤道儀追蹤。在DeepSkyStacker軟體裡進行減偏壓、暗電流與平場校正，最後用Photoshop處理。

Taken at Tataka in Yushan National Park in January 2014, using William Optics WO Megrez120 f/7.5 refracting telescope + Canon EOS 350D camera (customized UV/IR cut filter), ISO-1600, total exposure time: 4 hours 20 minutes (1.5 min/3min/5min each). Takahashi EM-200 B equatorial mount was used for tracking. Reduction of bias, dark and flat field were done in DeepSkyStacker. Additional retouching was done in Photoshop.

馬卡萊恩鍊

Markarian’s Chain

黃冠維

春季最壯觀的夜景莫過於看著室女座星系團緩緩升起了。馬卡萊恩鍊則是星系團約略中央的部分，可以看到星系巧合地排列成弧狀。左下角的M87是個非常巨大的橢圓星系，使用等效800mm的主鏡拍攝這一區，這還只是星系團的一隅而已。

Nothing is more spectacular than watching the Virgo Cluster slowly rise in the evening sky. The arch-shaped Makarian’s Chain is nearly in the center of the cluster. On the bottom left is the enormous M87 elliptical galaxy. An δ= 800mm telescope captures only a corner of this cluster of galaxies.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年1月攝於玉山國家公園塔塔加。使用BORG 100ED f/5（搭配減焦鏡使用）折射式望遠鏡+ Canon EOS 300D（改 UV/IR cut 濾鏡），ISO-1600，總曝光時間1時17分（單張曝光1.5min）。使用高橋EM-10TemmaPCJr赤道儀追蹤。在DeepSkyStacker軟體裡進行減偏壓、暗電流與平場校正，最後進入Photoshop做處理。

Taken at Tataka in Yushan National Park in January 2014, using a BORG 100ED f/5 (paired with a reducer), refracting telescope + Canon EOS 300D (customized UV/IR cut photo filter), ISO-1600, and total exposure time: 1 hour 17 minutes (single exposure 1.5min). Takahashi EM-10 Temma PC Jr equatorial mount was used for tracking. Reduction of bias, dark and flat field were done in DeepSkyStacker. Additional retouching was done in Photoshop.

反射星雲陪襯的三葉星雲：M20

Trifid Nebula, M20

黃郁期

M20是夏季銀河中最美麗的發射星雲之一，除了常見的紅色雲氣外（星際塵埃等受激發而發射特定顏色的光譜：主要為紅色來自Hα、[N2]、[S2] /藍綠色來自[O3]、Hβ），背景的淡藍色屬於反射星雲。有了反射星雲陪襯的M20，整體的色調更豐富，在銀河眾多星雲中更顯不同。

M20 is one of the most beautiful emission nebulas in the Milky Way during the summer season. Apart from its common red color (the stimulated interplanetary dust has a specific light spectrum: most of the red is produced from Hα、[N2]、[S2] and a small amount of aquamarinc is produced from [O3]、Hβ), the light blue background is part of the reflection nebula. The enhancement of the emission nebula gives the M20 its rich color and makes it stand out among its various counterparts in the Milky Way.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月攝於合歡山翠峰。使用景德光學WO Megrez120 f/7.5折射式望遠鏡+ Canon EOS 350D相機（改UV/IR cut濾鏡）拍攝，ISO-1600，總曝光時間1時24分（單張曝光3.5min）。使用高橋EM-200B赤道儀追蹤。在DeepSkyStacker軟體裡進行減偏壓、暗電流與平場校正，最後用Photoshop處理。

Taken at Cuifeng, Hehuanshan in July 2014, using William Optics WO Megrez120 f/7.5 refracting telescope + Canon EOS 350D camera (customized UV/IR cut photo filter), ISO-1600, total exposure time: 1 hour 24 minutes (single exposure 3.5 minutes). Takahashi EM-200B equatorial mount was used for tracking. Reduction of voltage bias, dark current and flat field adjustments were done in DeepSkyStacker. Additional retouching was done in Photoshop.

獵戶座大星雲（火鳥星雲）M42

Orion Nebula, Phoenix Nebula M42

張喆皓 陳德熏

小時候在廣闊無邊的星空下，只能從肉眼目睹它模糊的身影，這次終於摘下它的面紗一探究竟。M42獵戶座星雲，就是位在獵戶座腰帶下方的模糊星雲，看起來像傳說中的火鳥展翅飛臨世間，美麗至極。因為它的亮度相當高，又被稱作是國王的明燈，即使在光害的環境中還是能觀察。

As a child, I could only use my eyes to make out the blurry images of stars in the vast skies. Now, I can closely observe the Orion Nebula M42. This nebula is located below Orion's Belt. It resembles the legendary phoenix extending its magnificent wings. Its brightness also gives it the name “the king’s beacon”. It is possible to view it even in the presence of light pollution.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月攝於合歡山翠峰。RGB使用景德光學WO Megrez120、f/7.5折射式望遠鏡+ Canon EOS 350D（改UV/IR cut濾鏡）拍攝，ISO-1600，總曝光時間1時6分（單張曝光3min/5min）。使用高橋EM-200B赤道儀追蹤。H-alpha使用BORG101ED、F4折射式望遠鏡+STF8300M冷卻CCD（H-alpha濾鏡）拍攝，10sec*10/480sec*8。使用高橋EM-11 Temma2Jr赤道儀追蹤，SBIG STV導星。分別在DeepSkyStacker軟體裡進行減偏壓、暗電流與平場校正，兩幅在Registar軟體做對齊，最後用Photoshop修飾。

Taken at Cuifeng, Hehuanshan in July 2014. RGB was captured using William Optics WO Megrez120 f/7.5 refracting telescope + Canon EOS 350D camera (customized UV/IR cut photo filter), ISO-1600. Total exposure time: 1 hour 6 minutes (single exposure 3min/5min). Takahashi EM-200B equatorial mount was used for tracking. H-alpha was captured using BORG 101 ED, F4 refracting telescope + STF8300M cooling of CCD (H-alpha photo filter), 10sec*10/480sec*8. Takahashi EM-11 Temma2 Jr equatorial mount was used for tracking, SBIG STV as guide. Reduction of bias, dark and flat field were done in DeepSkyStacker. Images were aligned in Registar before additional retouching in Photoshop.

星雲

Nebula

李漢濤

M31仙女星系。本銀河系和仙女座星系正在相互靠近對方，大約30億年後兩者可能會碰撞，並變成巨型橢圓星系。M31和銀河系相似，對二者進行對比研究，就能獲得銀河系的運動、結構和演化的線索。從地球仰望仙女星系是一件不可思議的事情，有如一粒沙看不見整個沙漠，距離讓我們看見宇宙的巨大。

The Andromeda galaxy M31 and our home galaxies have been edging closer to one another. In about three billion years, they might merge to form an elliptical galaxy. Due to their similarities, they provide evidence of activity, structure and evolutionary process of our own galaxy. It is incredible to view the Andromeda galaxy from Earth. Just as it is impossible to see the entire desert from a grain of sand, its distance reminds us of the vastness of the universe.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

攝於湖北省大別山。賓得K50相機、信達小黑攝影版、HEQ5 Pro赤道儀、信達2代慧差鏡，ISO-1600 曝光時間15min*21，總時間315min，暗場後期用DeepSkyStacker疊加圖片，用Photoshop進行處理修飾。

Taken at Dabie Mountain in Hubei Province, China, using a Pentax K50 camera, Skywatcher Xiaohei photography edition, HEQ5 Pro equatorial telescope, Skywatcher 2nd generation coma corrector, ISO-1600, exposure time 15min*21, total exposure time 315 min. DeepSkyStacker was used at later stages of dark field to stack the photographs. Additional retouching was done in Photoshop.

閃電六分鐘

Six Minutes of Lightning

吳君彥

稍縱即逝的閃電，是難以拍攝的大氣現象，但只要用心觀察閃電出現的頻率及位置，還是可以拍得到。在這張照片裡，鏡頭對準了一個閃電頻繁出現的雲層並重覆曝光，最後合成了6分鐘共13張的照片，其中可以看到許多雲中放電（in-cloud lightning）和雲地之間放電（cloud-to-ground lightning）的現象。所以，只要我們用對方法，就可以為平常難得一見的閃電留下珍貴的影像。

Due to the transient nature of lightning, it is seldom photographed. But, if you attentively observe the frequency of lightning, there is a chance to capture it. I focused my lens on the cloud layer where lightning might occur, then repeatedly pressed the shutter, creating a six-minute frame of 13-stacked photographs of lightning including in-cloud lightning and cloud-to ground lightning. If we use the right method, we can capture precious shots of lightning.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年8月10日攝於高雄市鼓山區。設備條件：Panasonic GF1 + Panasonic LUMIX G 14mm f/2.5 ASPH鏡頭。影像取得：照片拍攝13張，每張ISO-400，光圈f/8~f/13之間，快門10 secs~20 secs之間。後製方式：使用Startrails軟體疊加13張照片和光影魔術手軟體數位減光。

Taken in Gushan District, Kaohsiung on August 10, 2013. Equipment: Panasonic GF1 + Panasonic LUMIX G 14mm f/2.5 ASPH lens. Image production: Thirteen photographs in total with each photograph at an ISO-400 film/setting, aperture f/8~f/13, shutter speed 10~20 seconds. Image retouching: Startrails to stack the 13 images and nEO iMAGING to reduce the brightness.

星空下的閃電

Lightning Beneath the Starry Skies

蘇俊育

閃電的形成與雷雲中空氣、水和冰流動強度有關。雲團裡的強烈氣流讓水滴和冰晶充滿靜電，重量較輕、帶正電的堆積於雲層上方；較重、帶負電的在底部，地面則因雲層底部大量負電的影響帶正電。當相反電位累積到一定程度，電場足以將空氣擊穿，形成雲中放電，而這種強大電場如果是在雲和地面間形成，就會導致雲對地放電產生叉狀閃電。當月光從雲隙間透出，在星空下捕捉雲中放電和雲對地之叉狀閃電，格外珍奇。

Lightning is related to the intensity of the flow of air, water and ice inside a dark cloud. Intense flow in the cloud fill the water droplets and ice crystals with static electricity. The lightweight positive electrostatic charges pile on the upper layer of cloud, while the heavier negative charges gather at the bottom. The ground produces positive electrostatic charges due to the negative electrostatic charges in the bottom part of the cloud. When opposite charges accumulate to a certain level, the electric field pierces the air and discharges electricity within the clouds. If a high-powered electric field is formed between the clouds and ground, fork-shaped lightning rods are discharged. It is spectacular to see cloud- to-cloud lightning and cloud-to-ground lightning, especially when the moonlight pierces the clouds.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

8月拍攝於後灣。使用Nikon D7100加10-17mm 鏡頭，曝光30秒進行拍攝。以手電筒對前方沙灘補光。以Photoshop進行降低雜訊、亮度、對比、白平衡、清晰度、裁切、形變等調整。

Taken at Houwan in August using a Nikon D7100 with a 10-17mm lens. Exposure: 30 seconds. Flash was used to project onto the beach in front for additional light. Noise reduction, brightness, contrast, white balance, clearness, slicing and twisting were carried out with Photoshop.

冬夜幻影：光柱

Under the Winter Night Skies: Light Pillars

賴亦德

光柱，是一種大氣光學現象，由大氣中的冰晶將幾近平行於地面的光線反射而成。當大氣中有冰晶存在時，就有機會將落入地平線下之太陽的光線反射回地面形成光柱。但在寒冷的北國冬夜，光柱的形成則常是由空氣中的冰晶，將城市裡向上發散的燈光反射回地面而成。這樣的幻象得在氣溫低、空氣中冰晶充足、又不下雪的時候才會出現，可遇不可求。由於城市燈光的色彩多變，和清冷的月光比起來，更讓光柱顯出多樣的色彩。

A light pillar is an atmospheric optical phenomenon. It is created by the reflection of light from ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. If ice crystals are present in the atmosphere, sunlight that is near or below the horizon may be reflected back to the ground to form pillars. On cold winter nights in countries in the far north, light pillars are instead formed when the ice crystals reflect the city lights. Such phenomenon will only occur when the temperature is low, with plenty of ice crystals in the air and no chance of snow. It is highly unpredictable. As most cities are filled with an assortment of lights, the pale moonlight gives way to colorful light pillars.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年1月攝於芬蘭約恩蘇（Joensuu）小鎮東芬蘭大學。使用Canon 650D加21mm鏡頭，f/4、1/3 s、

ISO-3200、EV0。以Digital Photo Professional簡單調整銳利度、飽和度、對比度與白平衡後，稍微裁切轉出jpg檔。

Taken at the University of Eastern Finland in Joensuu, Finland in January 2014. Equipment: Canon 650D + 21mm lens, f/4, 1/3s, ISO-3200, EV0. Simple adjustments for sharpness, saturation, contrast and white balance were done in Digital Photo Professional, sliced and saved in jpg file.

婆娑極光

Whirling Aurora

賴亦德

當太陽風掃出的帶電粒子接近地球，地球磁場會迫使部分帶電粒子集中到南北極進入高層大氣，與高層大氣中的氣體碰撞激發出光芒而產生極光。絕大多數的極光色調來自氧原子被電子撞擊時激發出的綠色光芒，有時出現的藍色或紅色（或兩者混合的紫色）色調則是氮原子被電子撞擊時激發出來的色彩。由於2013年正值太陽活動的極大期，該年三月中出現的極光也在夜空中以弧狀、簾幕狀，甚至是自天頂磅礡展開的極光冕婆娑起舞。

When charged particles in the solar wind come close to the earth, the earth's magnetic field repels them toward the upper regions of atmosphere over the Arctic and the Antarctic. Auroras are created by the charged particles interacting with the upper atmosphere. The most common green aurora is emitted by oxygen atoms. Sometimes, blue or red (or purple when combined) aurorae are produced by nitrogen atoms. In 2013, the solar activity reached its highest level. In March of that year the aurora took on the form of curtain-like arcs, displaying a magnificent whirl-like dance in the night sky.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年3月攝於芬蘭約恩蘇（Joensuu）小鎮。使用：Canon650D加11-16mm鏡頭，f/4-5、13-15s、ISO-800、

EV0-+1。以Digital Photo Professional簡單調整銳利度、飽和度、對比度與白平衡後，稍微裁切轉出jpg檔，再以Microsoft IGE軟體接圖。

Site: Joensuu, Finland in March 2013. Equipment: Canon 650D + 11-16mm lens, f/4-5, 13-15s, ISO-800, EV0-+1. Simple adjustments for sharpness, saturation, contrast and white balance were made in Digital Photo Professional, slice and saved in jpg file, stacked with Microsoft IGE software.

地質與礦物

Geology and Minerals

靜默之石

Silence of the Stone

謝阜璁 蕭賀韶

中新世晚期至上新世早期，海岸山脈成為臺灣島一部分，帶來最後一期的火山事件；大量安山岩質火山灰及火山角礫噴發的碎屑流奔離，宛如土石流一次又一次快速堆疊，形成石梯坪層理分明的凝灰岩，其中火山角礫與圍岩的抗侵蝕差異也產生大小不一的壺穴。如今火山不再噴發，凝灰岩亦安靜等待日月星辰的昇落；只是造就它的板塊依然動盪，海浪侵蝕也持續進襲。我們乘著晚風從浩瀚銀河直至日出，陪伴石梯坪感受千百萬年來沉默的歲月。

Between the late Miocene to early Pilocene period, the Coastal Range became part of Taiwan and brought the final phase of volcanic eruptions. Large amounts of andesitic ash and volcanic breccia created mudslide-like flows that formed distinct tuff beds in Shitiping. The volcanic breccia and surrounding rock eroded to create potholes of various sizes. As volcanoes are no longer active, the tuffs sit in silence watching the world go by. Nevertheless, the tectonic plates that created them are still moving and ocean waves are still continuously eroding them. We hitched a ride on the night air from the vastness of the Milky Way to the break of dawn, accompanying the Shitiping tuff terraces to experience the millions of years of silence.

第一屆

優選

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年8月10日14~18時攝於花蓮縣豐濱鄉石梯坪。需要條件：遠方路燈令單面山反射微弱光線；腳架、電子快門線；太平洋高壓壟罩的夏天；不怕黑、不怕髒、敢夜衝以及一顆年輕的心。光圈先決模式，矩陣測光、拍攝過曝2格、0格、不足1格共三張照片，後以HDR合成並調整對比。

Taken at Shitiping in Fengbin Township, Hualien County during the period 14:00~18:00 on August 10, 2013. Lights in the distance created a weak reflection. Requirements: Tripod, digital cable release, enveloped pressure of the Pacific Ocean in the summer time, a heart of steel, willingness to wonder around in the dead of night and a youthful heart. First, the aperture setting was adjusted, followed by matrix photometry, overexposure of two frames, 0 frame, less than one frame for a total of three images. Then, HDR was used to combine the images and adjust the contrast.

沖積

Alluvium

楊維晟

臺東池上水田的灌溉溝渠破了個小洞，流出來自中央山脈新武呂溪富含石灰質的混濁溪水。因溢出的溪水流速趨緩，較重的泥沙紛紛淤積。見微知著，一灘小小淤積如同迷你版的「沖積扇」，攜帶細泥的水流由右上角流向左上方，較重的泥沙先行淤積，水流續行切割出微血管般的水脈。水與泥，僅僅靠著重力，就創造出抽象畫般的藝術傑作，並讓觀者見證，沖積扇形成的最初階段。

There is a leak in an irrigation canal of a paddy field in Chishang Township, Taitung County. From this leak seeps calcareous rich water from the Xinwulu Stream in the Central Range. As the water flows rather slowly, heavier sediment accumulates. This is like a smaller version of an “alluvial fan”, with the water carrying finer sediment from the upper right corner to the upper left. Heavier sediment is deposited first as the stream continues to carve out capillary-like lines. By the force of gravity, water and mud not only create abstract art patterns, but also give us a chance to witness a model of the formation of an alluvial fan.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年10月4日攝於池上水田灌溉溝渠旁，使用Nikon D7100單眼相機與17~50mm鏡頭，以自然光拍攝。影像後製只有調整亮度與對比，並調整影像尺寸為3：4的比例。

Taken in an irrigation canal of a paddy field in Chishang Township on October 4, 2013. Equipment included Nikon D7100 single lens reflex camera and 17~50mm lens. Natural lighting was used. Image retouching was only needed for light intensity and contrast. Then, the image was set at a 3:4 ratio.

小小的島

Mini Island

游鈞量

茫茫的斜長石海中，出現一片猶如小小的島的黑雲母。初時乍看土氣十足，換個角度看，竟然黯淡無光。但只要用心點，加上一片偏振片，就能看見動人光輝的生命力！屬於鐵鎂質礦物的黑雲母，解理方向、輪廓相當清晰；轉動時，因為雙折射進入黑雲母的兩道光速度不同，所以會產生多色性的現象，黃色部分轉動後會變成黑色。當加上偏振片之後轉動後會平行解理方向消光；另外，亮綠色的干涉色，其顏色則和燈光有關。

A mini island-like biotite is found among the plagioclase crystals. At first sight, it appears unrefined. Switching to another angle, it seems dim and bleak. However, the island is brought to life by the addition of a polarizing plate. Biotite, a common mafic mineral within the mica group, has a perfect cleavage with multicolor effect created by double refractions of light entering the mineral. By turning, the yellow part becomes black. After adding a polarizing plate, light disperses horizontally onto the cleavage angle. The interfering green tint is a result of the lighting effect.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年11月。使用Leica顯微鏡（目鏡10x+物鏡4x）、Olympus TG-2相機、室溫。使用TG-2透過顯微鏡進行直焦攝影。

Taken in November 2014 using a Leica microscope (eyepiece 10x + object lens 4x), Olympus TG-2 camera at room temperature. Photograph was obtained with TG-2 through the microscope.

新生

Rebirth

鍾鎮鴻 徐嘉佑

新生這個名字和此實驗的目的有很大的關聯。實驗主要是研究鈾的反應性，並且希望能從鈾的高溫、高壓水熱合成反應中，尋找適合用在核廢料的處理反應，讓其中的鈾能形成比較穩定的化合物，降低核廢料危險性，也方便後續處理，對環境的傷害也會降低。照片中的產物彷彿與這個目的相互呼應，原本的鈾反應物卻得到如同新芽一般的晶體產物，就好像重獲新生一樣，這就是這個作品中，我想要表達的意念。

The title “Rebirth” is related to the purpose of this experiment. By looking at the reactivity of uranium, especially its high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis, we hoped to find a more stable uranium compound. This would in turn be used to better manage nuclear waste, lowering the danger of nuclear waste and decreasing its harmful effect on the environment. The product in this image seems to correspond to this purpose. The original reactant of uranium has spawned a crystal-like product just like reincarnation. This is what I want to express in this work.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年8月13日攝於中央大學化學系科二館522高溫高壓水熱合成實驗室。用Olympus camedia c-5060 wide zoom數位相機搭配顯微鏡所拍攝而成。當時是為了紀錄產物才拍照，卻意外得到不錯的相片；影像後製的部分，使用修圖軟體調整了基本的對比與亮度，還做了局部顯色的處理，來凸顯主題的明確性。

Taken at the 522 Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Hydrothermal Syntheses in the 2nd science building of the Department of Chemistry at National Central University on August 13, 2013. Olympus Camedia c-5060 wide zoom digital camera and macro lens were the basic equipment. The original intention was to record the product, but the resulting image was surprisingly good. Image retouching for basic contrast and light intensity was done using photo editing software. Some of the color was also enhanced to emphasize the theme.

第一屆

評審團

特別獎

物理與化學

Physics and Chemistry

冰解

Melting Ice Experiment

王釩

冰在水中溶解，這是再普通不過的事，溶解時是甚麼模樣呢？本作品將有色冰塊放入水中，記錄溶解之瞬間。融化的冰塊因冷熱對流作用快速的向四周擴散，模樣就像艷麗的火焰，冰冷與熱炙竟然那麼相似，一言以蔽之，這就是物理現象。我們周遭事物只要細細觀察，都能夠發現其中奧秘。

Have you ever wondered what something as simple as ice melting in water looks like? This work captured the effect of a colored ice cube melting in water. Through convective heat transfer, melting ice rapidly expands and spreads similar to the effects of a burning hot flame. It’s astonishing to see the similarity between hot and cold. To sum up, it is truly an amazing phenomenon of physics. By carefully observing one's environment, one can unravel the mystery within.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年11月攝於自宅。使用Canon 6D加100mm f/2.8 L Marco、燈箱、玻璃缸、市售醫療用紅汞液。f/6.3、1/400、ISO-12800、焦距100mm、白平衡自動、曝光補償0。影像取得：將紅汞液（紅汞2%蒸餾水98%）製成冰後，以鑷子夾入水中取得影像。後製：去除雜訊、水準校正、銳利度調整。

Taken at home in November 2014. Equipment and materials included Canon 6D with 100mm f/2.8 L Macro lens, light box, glass jar, and commercially available mercurochrome solution for medical use. Camera was set at f/6.3, 1/400, ISO-12800, focal length 100mm, automatic white balance and exposure compensation 0. Image production: Mercurochrome solution was frozen to form ice (2% Mercurochrome, 98% distilled water). Tweezers were used to place the ice in water and the results were captured in images. Post-processing: noise reduced, level corrected and sharpness adjusted.

優選

第二屆

成年組

大象牙膏（放熱反應）

Elephant's Toothpaste Experiment: Exothermic Reaction

林書敏 張敬恩 陳柏全

實驗證明過氧化氫可以被催化分解，產生水和氧氣。過氧化氫在一般情況下也可以分解成水和氧氣，但是反應速度極慢，甚至觀測不到。在大象牙膏加入碘化鉀作為催化劑，會加速生成大量氧氣。以洗碗精裡的界面活性劑作用為例，洗碗時翻動水使空氣進入水中，界面活性劑就會把空氣包住，形成小泡泡。大象牙膏就是利用此原理，過氧化氫因為碘化鉀的催化，產生了大量的水和氧氣，此時界面活性劑就會包住氧氣，產生大量的泡泡。

Hydrogen peroxide splits to become water and oxygen under normal circumstances, but the reaction is extremely slow and not easily observed. By using potassium iodide as a catalyst in the elephant's toothpaste experiment, oxygen is rapidly produced. Using the surfactant in dish washing liquid as an example, when you flip a plate while washing it, the air will enter the water, and the surfactant will trap the air within to form many bubbles. The elephant's toothpaste experiment is based on this principle. Potassium iodide acts as the catalyst. The hydrogen peroxide releases large amounts of water and oxygen. The surfactant wraps around the oxygen to form large amounts of bubbles.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於學校實驗室。

Taken at a school laboratory in December 2014.

絢麗小宇宙

The Bright and Colorful Mini Cosmos

陳柏亨

CD片和DVD片的光滑表面是「反射式光柵」，而「光柵」會產生「分光」，故CD片的表面會散發絢麗多姿的七彩光。我利用「水珠的反射」原理，將「光柵的色散」集中於水滴上，並以多種角度的方式打光，呈現不同光線角度下所產生的色散，也營造科幻意境。

The glossy surface on CDs and DVDs is produced by “reflective grating”. The grating produces beam splits, giving the surface a multicolor effect. Using the principles of “reflection of water beads”, I centered the “chromatic dispersion of grating” onto the water beads, then used different lighting angles to create rays of chromatic dispersion, forming a science fiction-like image.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年9月21日攝於自家。設備：Nikon D300s、60mm、f/2.8。後製調整影像曝光值與色彩飽和度。

Taken at home on September 21, 2013. Equipment: Nikon D300s with 60mm, f/2.8 lens. Post-processing was done for exposure and saturation.

10微秒的相遇

Ten Microsecond Encounter

溫英佐

當水滴落入液面後，於目標溶液中產生一個短暫的空腔，此空腔維持不了多久便被快速湧入的溶液所填滿，一旦超出極限時則向上釋放壓力而形成中央噴射柱，而溶液的表面張力與空腔大小會影響中央噴射柱之高度，這是人眼難以觀察的現象。本作品中的水柱皆是第一滴水滴所產生的中央噴射柱，當第二滴水滴以不同大小、間隔落下碰撞中央噴射柱，隨即產生抽象華麗的影像。這兒的碰撞時間不超過10微秒，但這非以高速攝影機拍攝，而是以相機單次曝光完成，更屬難得。

A cavity briefly appears when a water droplet hits the surface of a liquid. As the liquid quickly fills the cavity, it disappears. When the liquid overflows, it releases pressure upwards to produce what is known as a “Worthington jet”. Its height depends on the surface tension and the size of the cavity, something impossible for the eyes to capture. This work records the Worthington jet produced when the first droplet hits the surface of the liquid. When the second droplet hits, the Worthington jets appear in different sizes and at intervals, creating an abstract and beautiful image. Collision time was less than ten microseconds. I used a single exposure instead of a high-speed camera, which made it even harder to achieve these images.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年7月30日攝於室內，水滴碰撞速度極快，必須使用閃光燈來凝結畫面。需要先撰寫程式並燒錄至微控制器，並撰寫APP由平板電腦控制微控制器。微控制器可以控制電磁閥作動、相機快門以及閃光燈。一次拍攝流程為：使用者在平板APP下達參數，微控制器開關電磁閥讓第一滴滑落，指定時間再度開關電磁閥讓第二滴落下，指定時間後觸發快門與閃光燈，即完成拍攝。後製僅作裁切與銳化。拍攝所需設備：單眼相機、微距鏡頭、閃光燈兩盞、快門線、PC同步線數條、微控制器、平板電腦、OTG線、氣動電磁閥、多種電子零件及相關裝置配備。

Taken indoors on July 30, 2013. The collision of water droplets happened so fast that a flash was needed to capture the images. The first step involved writing a program and burning it to a micro controller unit, then using a tablet computer app to control the unit. The micro controller unit controlled the activation of solenoid valve, shutter and flash. Single photography process: App was used to transmit parameters and micro controller unit was used to open and shut the solenoid valve to enable the first drop of water to emerge. After setting the time, the valve opened once again to let out the second drop of water. Then, the timing was set for the shutter and flash to obtain the shots. Image post-processing was done for cropping and sharpening. Requirements: DSRL, macro lens, two flash units, cable release, PC cable lines, micro controller unit, OTG wire, pneumatic solenoid valve, assortment of electronic accessories and related equipment.

流金歲月

Unforgettable Time

蘇長慶 林柏青

絢爛的時光，我們璀璨。黯淡的時光，我們沉寂。當我們浮沉在世間，卻沒發現那些抓不著，卻也止不住的時間的痕啊。在身上、在手上、在臉上。寫下，道道流金歲月。當肥皂泡表面張力的位能大於水滴的動能時，水滴可能會在肥皂泡膜上流動，或者以完整的水滴彈離表面。透過較長的曝光，光影線條留影在照片裡，展現動態的流動與瞬間的凝聚。三張不同的照片，各自代表了不同的生命旅程，我們都有那燦爛的瞬間，但終究會如同流水逝去。

In the most splendid of times, we were radiant. In the darkest of times, we were silent. Floating in this world, we hardly noticed the traces of time on our bodies, hands and faces. These unstoppable traces tell the unforgettable stories of our yesteryear. When the surface tension’s potential energy of soap bubbles is stronger than the kinetic energy of a water droplet, the droplet might flow along the bubble’s surface or bounce off the surface in a complete droplet form. Using a long exposure time, the shadowy lines show the flow and the instant condensation. The three images represent three different journeys of life. We all have our highlights in life, but at the end we flow out of this world.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

當肥皂泡表面張力的位能遇到水滴的動能時，兩者之間的交互作用會使水滴的動態有幾種表現狀況：當肥皂泡的表面張力的位能大於水滴的動能時，水滴會在肥皂泡膜上流動。可能以碎裂的方式流經表面，或者以完整的水滴彈離表面；第二種則是當水滴的動能大於表面張力的位能時，水滴將直接穿透表面進入泡泡內部。利用高速快門以及連拍，凝結水滴彈離肥皂泡表面的瞬間。比較特別的是透過較長的曝光時間，將水滴從掉落至離開肥皂泡表面的過程，以純粹光影線條的方式留影在照片裡，展現動態的流動與瞬間的凝聚。後製則以負片的效果呈現，黑與白的色彩配置展現泡泡的透明感與通透感，另增添了色彩，呈現光線在泡泡中，反射與折射所發散的色光，使照片上了一層濃郁的奇幻感。

When the potential energy of soap bubble surface tension meets the kinetic energy of a water droplet, the water droplet behaves in one of a few ways. When the surface tension’s potential energy of the soap bubble is stronger than the kinetic energy of the water droplet, the water droplet roams freely on the soap bubble surface. It might fragment on the surface or completely leave the surface. Or, when the kinetic energy of the water droplet is stronger than the surface tension’s potential energy, the water droplet pierces the surface and enters the bubble. Using quick shutter and continuous shots, the process of condensation between the water droplets and soap bubbles was recorded. Then, using pure shadow lines, the congregation of the two was left on the image. Negative was used in image post-processing and the black and white photograph expressed the bubble’s transparency. Then, a layer of color was added to present the reflection and refraction of colored light within the bubbles, adding a touch of fantasy to the image.

光戒

The Ring of Light

楊維晟

光線無所不在，讓萬物有了色彩，陽光斜射的水田中，我看見光線的魔力。水田剛注滿了清澈的水，秧苗也已插入，靜止如鏡的水面因與秧苗接觸產生表面張力，在秧苗四周形成略帶弧度的水面。陽光通過水體，因光線折射產生猶如日暈的物理現象，在好幾種條件的配合下，光線彷彿為青蔥的秧苗戴上光線圈成的戒指。

The presence of light gives color to everything. I saw this magical sunlight shining on paddy fields. The water was crystal clear and the seedlings neatly in place. The stillness of the water led to surface tension and a slight curvature around the planted seedlings. Due to the refraction of the sun's rays, a halo formed. Along with various factors, the light rays have given a radiant halo to this green onion crop.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年1月19日攝於臺東關山，使用Nikon D7100單眼相機與60mm微距鏡頭，以自然光拍攝。影像後製只有調整亮度與調高對比，並調整影像尺寸為3：4的比例。

Taken in Guanshan, Taitung County on January 19, 2013. Equipment included Nikon D7100 DSLR and 60mm macro lens. Natural lighting was used. Image post-processing was only needed to adjust intensity and contrast. Then, the image was set at a 3:4 ratio.

美麗化學：化學反應攝影

Picturesque Chemistry: Chemical Reaction Photography

梁琰 陶先剛 黃微

化學，美麗的學科。圖1硝酸銀溶液滴入氯化鈉溶液中產生白色的氯化銀沉澱。圖2氯化鈷在矽酸鈉溶液中的滲透壓生長。圖3紫色的夏槿花朵在氫氧化鈉溶液中變成黃色。這三幅，是否改變您對化學的印象？

Chemistry is a picturesque academic discipline. Image 1 shows the pouring of droplets of silver nitrate solution into sodium chloride solution, leading to the precipitation of white covered silver chloride. Image 2 shows cobaltic chloride under osmotic pressure of silicic acid solution. In Image 3, when soaked in a solution of sodium hydroxide, the purple petals of torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind) turn yellow. Do these images change your impressions about chemistry?

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月至9月攝於中國科學技術大學化學實驗教學中心。使用松下GH4 4K高清攝影機和Tokina 100mm微距鏡頭，捕捉化學反應中的繽紛色彩和微妙細節。作品均來自4K視頻的截圖。「美麗化學」是由中國科學技術大學先進技術研究院和清華大學出版社，聯合製作的一個原創數位科普專案。主旨是將化學的美麗和神奇，通過數位技術和媒體傳遞給大眾，讓更多的孩子和學生對化學產生興趣，改變人們對化學的負面印象。

Taken at the Chemistry Experiment Teaching Center of the University of Science and Technology in China, using a Panasonic GH4 4K camera and a Tokina 100mm macro lens to capture the colors and details of the chemical reactions. All of the works came from the screenshots of a 4K video display. “Picturesque Chemistry” is a joint effort to create an authentic digital popular science project of the Institute of Advanced Science of University of Science and Technology and Qing Hua University Press. By using digital technology and media, the aim is to publicize the beauty and the magic of chemistry so that it will change people’s negative perception towards chemistry and attract more students to the field.

由小而大的螺旋分子

Extension-coil Molecules from Small to Large

陳惠玉 謝宜君

本作品透過偏光顯微鏡觀察有機材料隨溫度變化的相變過程。在高溫時，會有彈珠般的小亮點在黑暗中浮現，黑色的區域為液態，彈珠般的小亮點為液晶相態。由於液晶具有雙折射的光學效應，使得入射光的電場方向及傳播速度發生改變，形成炫麗的光學效果，而每一亮點內的不規則暗紋顯示出液晶分子彼此間的排列不同。持續地下降有機材料的溫度，有少部分添加在液晶材料中的螺旋分子開始產生再結晶，由小亮點向外延伸形成一絲絲的光芒針葉。

In this work, a polarizing microscope was used to look at the changes in organic material at varying temperatures. At high temperature, marble-like light specks float in the darkness. The black region represents the liquid state while the light specks represent the liquid crystal phase. As the liquid crystal phase possesses the optical effect of double refraction, it changes the electric field direction of the incoming light and the speed of distribution, creating a dazzling optical effect. The non-formative dark fringes within the specks reveal the juxtaposition of liquid crystal molecules. As the temperature of the organic material continues to drop, a small number of coiled molecules within the liquid crystal material start to recrystallize, transforming from bright specks into shiny rays that resemble needle-like leaves.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

同一個有機材料在不同溫度下，透過正交偏光顯微鏡放大100倍後進行觀察，並用單眼數位相機（Olympus E-620）拍攝影像。有機材料中有添加具光學活性的螺旋性分子，將兩者均勻混合後，利用毛細現象灌入兩片玻璃之間（上下玻璃的間距為10μm），透過顯微鏡上的控溫平臺進行控溫。將材料升溫到液態後，再緩慢地降溫，拍攝不同溫度時。材料的光學特性會與材料所處的相態有關，所以可以透過光學特性觀察材料的相變過程。三張圖都經過亮度（-30）及對比（+50）的微調。2010年12月3日攝於逢甲大學光電學系液晶實驗室。

The same organic material under various temperatures was recorded with a DSLR (Olympus E-620) at 100 x magnification under polarizing optical microscope. Optically active coiled molecules were added to the material and homogenously mixed. Using capillary action, the mixture was placed between two glass pieces (10μm apart). The temperature was then adjusted using the temperature-controlled system on the microscope. The material was first heated to a liquid state and the temperature was gradually reduced; allowing for recording of the optical characteristics of the material at different temperatures. The material’s optical characteristics were related to the state of the material, so that the interchange of the material can be observed through the change in its optical property. Three photographs underwent adjustment for light intensity (-30) and contrast (+50). The images were taken in the Liquid Crystal Materials Research Lab of the Department of Photonics, Feng Chia University on December 3, 2010.

變形蟲：藍相液晶

Amoeba: Blue Phase Liquid Crystal

陳惠玉 邱繼毅 周冠翰　

「藍相」是最早被發現的液晶相態，透過不同的方式控制液晶材料的升溫或降溫方式，會使得藍相產生不同的圖樣，藍相的顏色決定於分子的堆疊及晶格大小。若入射藍相的光波長滿足布拉格反射，藍相便會閃耀著特定顏色。本作品透過偏光顯微鏡觀察液晶材料形成藍相的過程，照片中黑色的區域為材料仍維持在液態，炫麗顏色的部分為藍相，不同的反射顏色代表著藍相不同的晶格結構及晶格大小。

Blue phase was the first liquid crystal state discovered. A variety of methods can be used to control the temperature change of liquid crystal materials, creating an assortment of pictures. The stacking of molecules and the size of the crystal lattices determine the color of the blue phase. If the incoming optical wave enhances Bragg’s reflection, then specific colors will be projected. In the following works, polarizing microscope was used to observe the process of liquid crystal material formation in the blue phase. The material in the black region is still in a liquid state. The area of magnificent color is the blue phase. Different reflected colors represent the different types of crystal lattices and their sizes.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

在液晶材料中透過反射式正交偏光顯微鏡放大100倍後，觀察藍相液晶的形成，並利用單眼數位相機（Olympus E-620）拍攝影像。將液晶材料利用毛細現象灌入兩片玻璃之間（上下玻璃的間距為10μm），並使用顯微鏡上的控溫平臺進行控溫，照片中藍綠色變形蟲狀的藍相只存在於53.2℃至53℃之間，持續降溫就會接合而成片狀並產生更多的反射顏色。作品都僅經過亮度及對比的微調。2010年9月、2013年1月攝於逢甲大學光電學系液晶實驗室。

Formation of blue phase liquid crystal was examined at 100x magnification by polarizing optical microscope and the process was captured using a DSLR camera (Olympus E-620). Using capillary action, the crystal material was placed between glass slides (10μm apart). The temperature was then adjusted using the temperature-controlled system on the microscope. The bluish green amoeba-like blue phase only existed between the temperatures of 53.2°C and 53°C. Continuous reduction in temperature led to coagulation of the material into a massive piece; creating more reflecting colors. The images went through minor adjustment for light intensity and contrast and were obtained at the Liquid Crystal Materials Research Lab of the Department of Photonics of Feng Chia University between September 2010 and January 2013.

綻放

Blossoms

黃雅欣 林建宏

此作品講述著利用化學沉澱法觀察到的情況，分子彼此間形成小團簇，並自組裝成奈米線的過程，形成不同樣貌的奈米結構。在這過程中，奈米線彼此團聚，像似綻放出一朵一朵生命之美的奈米花。

Using precipitation method, molecules cluster together and assemble themselves into nanowires, creating nanostructures of different shapes. During the process, nanowires group together like nano flowers in bloom.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年8月攝於國立臺南大學，使用掃描式電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscope）型號：Hitachi S-3000N、電壓20KV、工作距離8.5 mm放大倍率5K，進行樣品表面形貌的拍攝、使用Photoshop進行後製，在原本黑白對比的底圖，開新的圖層，圖層類型選擇為［顏色］，用不同的顏色，對奈米線進行填色。

Taken at National University of Tainan in August 2014. The exterior image of the sample was obtained using scanning electron microscope Hitachi S-3000N, 20KV, with operating distance of 8.5mm and magnification of 5K. Photoshop was then used for photo post-processing. A new photo layer was added to the bottom layer of the original black and white image, and was set as “color”. The layered nanowire image then underwent coloring.

深海奇觀

Wonders of the Deep Sea

蕭仲軒 林建宏

此為奈米級的銅觸媒成長碳纖維。較明亮的光點為銅觸媒，而碳纖維則像水母的觸鬚，數量龐大，整體有如在深海中看見大量的發光水母；微小的奈米世界，就像深不可測的海底世界，處處充滿驚奇。

These carbon fibers are growing on a copper catalyst. The more luminous dots are the copper catalyst and the jellyfish-like tentacles are the carbon fibers. Abundant in number, they look like masses of glowing jellyfish inhabiting an ocean abyss. The mini nanometer world is just like the unpredictable, yet mesmerizing, deep-sea world.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年11月使用掃描式電子顯微鏡，進行樣品表面形貌的拍攝。以Photoshop進行後製，在原本黑白對比的底圖，開新的圖層，圖層類型選擇為［顏色］，用不同的顏色，對銅觸媒與碳纖維進行填色。圖1攝於國立臺南大學；型號：Hitachi S-3000N、電壓20 kV、工作距離7.8 mm放大倍率1.5 K。圖2攝於國立成功大學；型號：蔡司公司AURIGA、電壓5 kV、工作距離5.1 mm、放大倍率3 K。

Taken using a scanning electron microscope in November 2014. Post-processing was done in Photoshop. A new layer was created under the original black and white image. The type of layer was labeled as “color” and the copper catalyst and carbon fibers were colored. Image 1: Taken at National Tainan University; model: Hitachi S-3000N, 20kV, working distance 7.8mm magnified 1.5K. Image 2: Taken at National Cheng Kung University; model: Carl Zeiss AG AURIGA, 5 kV, working distance 5.1mm, magnified 3K.

組裝奈米線簇之美

Beauty of the Nanowire Cluster

王迎威 肖思 王鵬 何軍　

「次序與混亂」蜂窩狀次序排列的氧化鋁奈米小孔陣列，在進一步腐蝕下，變成了混亂的奈米線簇；但混亂的表層之下，新一批規則小孔陣列又呼之欲出。「孤獨與狂歡」孤獨的奈米線簇也許永遠不知道，自己竟是眾人狂歡的中心。「迷宮與道路」即使是奈米線簇組成的隨機迷宮，也必有康莊大道。次序與混亂、孤獨與歡聚、迷宮與道路—自組裝氧化鋁奈米線簇之美，在於混亂中的經典規律，也在於規律中的量子隨機。

Order and chaos: aluminum oxide nanowires line up to form a honeycomb, before turning into unruly clusters. Under the surface of this chaos, the honeycomb structure continues to form. Loneliness and revelry: the lonely nanowire might never know that it is the center of revelry. Maze and path: even if the assembled nanowire cluster is an unpredictable maze, there must be a path to follow. Order and chaos, loneliness and revelry, maze and path, the beauty of the nanowire cluster is that it represents classic rule of order within chaos and randomness.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

次序與混亂、孤獨與狂歡、迷宮與道路—自組裝氧化鋁奈米線簇之美組圖，於2014年12月採用Hitachi S4800型掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝。物件為多孔氧化鋁範本結構（簡稱AAO或PAA）。標準AAO範本為蜂窩狀排列的有序小孔陣列結構（孔徑約為100奈米），變化實驗條件，在有序陣列表面形成混亂的氧化鋁奈米線團簇（線長約為1微米），並表現出各種奇特有趣的微觀形貌。微觀世界的隨機形貌透露出獨特的科學美感，同時又有著潛在的科學應用價值。為了保持這種微觀世界科學美感的原生態，僅對圖片大小做適當著色以及壓縮，另一方面受限於電子掃描設備成像最大圖元，以組圖形式提交，圖元達到3648*2736。

Order and chaos, loneliness and revelry, maze and path, these aluminum oxide nanowires self assembled to create intricate images. The images were obtained using a Hitachi S4800 scanning electron microscope in December 2014 with focus placed on the structure of the ostiole aluminum oxide (AAO or PAA). Standard AAO sample formulates created a beehive-like pattern (ostioles of about 100 nanometers). Chaotic clusters of nanowire gather on the orderly surface (line measuring 100 nm), with various unique formations observed. The unpredictable nature of the microscopic world not only shows the esthetics of science, but also provides information of practical value. Images of different sizes underwent appropriate coloring and compression. Due to the restriction of the graphics, the primitive output of the scanning electron microscope was transformed by combining the images at a standard size setting of 3648*2736 pixels.

奈米國度的秋襲

Autumn Passage in the Nano World

顏祥峰 林麗瓊 陳貴賢 戴龑

遠在人類驚見奈米材料之前，大自然中奈米材料的美與艷早已恆存千古。這是運用微波電漿化學氣相沉積法 （MPCVD），於矽基板上製備而成的石墨烯所堆疊而成的奈米楓葉狀結構。透過掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM）以俯瞰模式攝製。材料彼此間隨機交錯，貌似葉落大地。藝術不受限於大型雕塑或是墨彩畫筆，殊不知冰冷機臺裡也有詩人藏駐，在極為細小的國度裡展現詩意，猶如秋楓的低語，霎時渲染、蕭瑟舞落了滿地。

The beauty of nanomaterials existed long before humans discovered it. MPCVD (microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition) and the formation of graphene on silicon substrate created this nano maple leaf-like structure. Using scanning electron microscope for a bird's eye view, this image shows the random staggering of the nanomaterials which resembles fallen leaves on the ground. Art is no longer limited to sizable sculptures or colorful paintings. Poetic sentiment can be found in the extremely small nano world. This can be likened to the sudden change in color of maple leaves in autumn, which then fall to the ground.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

本材料為石墨烯堆疊而成的奈米楓葉結構，係用微波電漿化學氣相沉積法（Microwave Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, MPCVD）於矽基板上製備。碳、矽源氣體在電漿環境裂解後於矽基材上重組成碳化矽，於其表面進而形成石墨烯。2013年初於國立臺灣科技大學，透過掃描式電子顯微鏡以俯瞰模式鑑定，材料彼此間隨機交錯、貌似葉落大地。為強化秋季意境，最後佐以後製染成金黃、增添詩意。

Nanometer maple leaf-like structure formed through the accumulation of graphene and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) on silicon substrate. Once the carbon and silicon gases split in the microwave environment, there was reassembly into silicon carbide and formation of graphene. This was observed at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology in early 2013 using the scanning electron microscope. The material randomly connected, looking like autumn’s fallen leaves. The image was then post-processed by coloring it gold to add a poetic quality.

墨蝶

Ink Butterfly

莊鎮宇 李連忠 曾建智 陳姿吟　

單原子層石墨烯可以利用化學氣相沉積法在銅表面成長。成長的初期會先「成核」，如同播種，石墨烯就是從種子般的「核」開始長大。分散的「核」在成長一段時間後會互相融合而形成更大的面積，直到整個銅表面都被石墨烯覆蓋為止。石墨烯融合前的形狀會隨成長條件不同而相異。圖中的石墨烯呈現蝴蝶形狀，尺寸約只有頭髮的五分之一左右（15微米），彷彿花叢間成群飛舞的石墨烯蝴蝶，想在融合之前帶著科學家的夢想飛離銅的表面。

Chemical vapor deposition reveals monoatomic-layered graphene growing on the surface of copper. During the initial development, it will “ nucleate”. Like the sowing of seed, the graphene starts to grow from the seed-like nucleus. After a period of time, the dispersed “nucleus” combines to form a greater mass that eventually covers the entire surface of the copper with graphene. The shapes of the graphene before immersion differ depending on the conditions for growth. The graphene in this photo is shaped like a butterfly. At one-fifth the size of a human hair, these graphene formations act like a group of butterflies dancing among flowers and ready to take flight from the surface of the copper.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年4月5日攝於中央研究院原子與分子科學研究所。使用設備（化學氣相沉積）：Lindberg/Blue公司，真空管型爐。使用設備（原子力顯微鏡）：Veeco，DIMENSION icon，影像尺寸30x30µm。影像軟體：Bruker，NanoScope Analysis V1.40。

Taken at the Institute of Atomic Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica on April 5, 2012. Chemical vapor deposition: Lindberg/Blue vacuum tube furnace. Atomic Force Microscope: Veeco, DIMENSION icon. Image size: 30x30µm. Software: Bruker, NanoScope Analysis V1.40.

水下與海洋

Underwater and Marine Life

母子對

Mother and Son

金磊

南太平洋群島是南半球大翅鯨重要的繁殖、育幼場域。本人於2011年前往東加王國的Vava’u群島進行拍攝工作，並將影像提供「母鯨＆新生幼鯨Photo-ID計畫」，協助建立個體辨識之用。至2012年，於Vava’u群島總共完成了52對母鯨與新生幼鯨的辨識工作。自己連續三天在不同的海域遭遇這對編號No. 51的母子對，這位媽媽總是穩定漂浮在一定的深度，幼鯨則活潑好動。藉由觀察泄殖腔知道牠是個小男生！

The waters around the islands of the South Pacific are an important breeding ground in the southern hemisphere for the humpback whale (Megaptera novacan gliae). In 2011, I set off to Tonga’s Vava’u Islands to begin a mother and newborn calf photo identification project. Between 2011 and 2012, I identified a total of 52 mother and newborn calf pairs. I encountered No. 51 pair over three consecutive days in different marine areas. While the mother floated at a certain depth, the calf eagerly swam about. From the cloaca, it appears to be a boy!

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年9月攝於東加王國Vava'u群島。使用Canon EOS 7D、Tokina 10-17mm f/3.5-4.5 DX Fisheye、Sea & Sea MDX7D Underwater housing。後製方式：白平衡、加強對比、遮蓋汙點、RAW轉出為jpg檔。

Taken around the Vava’u Islands, Tonga in September 2012. Equipment included Canon EOS 7D, Tokina 10-17mm f/3.5-4.5 DX Fisheye lens, Sea & Sea MDX7D Underwater housing. Image post-processing: White balance, enhancement of contrast, removal of splotches. The RAW image was then saved as JPG file.

一、二、三，跳！

One, Two, Three, Jump!

王露翊

長吻飛旋海豚是臺灣東部外海常見的種類，熱情活潑的牠們常隨著船隻乘浪嬉戲，不時跳躍、拍打海面，甚至是展現精采萬分的高難度飛旋技巧！作品中的飛旋海豚屬同一族群，同時躍出水面的景象，讓人不禁懷疑是不是說好了大家一起跳！當中還有一隻海豚寶寶在練習跳躍，大家庭共譜這幕和諧溫馨的畫面。

The long snouted spinner’s dolphin (Stenella longirostris) is a common species in the open waters off eastern Taiwan coast. Friendly and active, they like to swim alongside ships, frequently jumping high into the air before hitting the surface, showing off their highly developed skills. This photograph captured a family of dolphins simultaneously jumping out of the water. It makes you wonder if this was premeditated! Among them there is a calf practicing its jumping skills. This is a harmonious portrait of a large dolphin family.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年9月攝於花蓮港外海。使用Nikon D7100。

Taken off the Port of Hualien in September 2014 using a Nikon D7100.

牠是魚嗎？

Is That a Fish?

黃民雄

沒錯！牠是大彈塗魚（花跳）。在泥灘上活動的大彈塗魚還是以鰓呼吸為主，皮膚呼吸為輔。牠們可長時間離水活動，偶而會滾動身體，或溜進自挖的巢洞中泡一下，讓皮膚和鰓保持溼潤。在繁殖期，雄魚會以跳躍行為來吸引雌魚，引牠到窩中產卵。雄魚的領域性強，常可在繁殖期看到跳躍和搏鬥的場景。野生的花跳已不多見，有幸在一處紅樹林泥灘上發現牠們的蹤跡，紀錄這段有趣行為。

There’s no question about it, that is a fish. It is a blue spotted mud skipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). Active in the mud flats, it relies on its gills or skin to breathe. Mudskippers can stay out of water for long periods of time and sometimes roll their body or slide into their burrows to moisten their skin and gills. During the breeding season, the males leap into the air to attract the females to their burrows for mating. Males are highly territorial, and tend to skirmish with neighboring males during this time. Although now rare in the wild, these mudskippers were discovered on the mudflats of mangrove forest and their interesting behavior was recorded.

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圖1.雄魚在泥灘上跳躍求偶。

圖2.當雌魚出現時，雄魚跳得更賣力。

圖3.雄魚先進窩洞，引導雌魚入內產卵。

Image 1: Male leaping in an act of courtship.

Image 2: A male makes a greater effort to leap in the presence of a female.

Image 3: A male escorts a female to his burrow for mating.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年7月23日攝於臺南市鹽水溪近出海口紅樹林泥灘。器材與設定：Canon EOS 7D + 300mm f/4.0 1/2000sec f/6.3 ISO-500。影像處理：用Picasa作裁剪、銳化、亮度、飽和度等調整。用Neat Image作降噪處理。

Taken in the mudflats of the mangrove forest near the estuary of the Yanshui River, Tainan on July 23, 2013. Equipment and settings: Canon EOS 7D with 300mm f/4.0 lens, 1/2000 sec, f/6.3, ISO-500. Image processing: Picasa for cropping, saturation, light intensity, sharpening and other adjustments and Neat Image for noise reduction.

鯊魚盾鱗的真貌

The Truth about Shark Dermal Denticles

李坤瑄

鯊魚皮經常被加工製成皮鞋、皮包、刀鞘、刀柄等用具，但那僅限於盾鱗平滑緊密的種類。本作品中的臺灣喉鬚鯊的皮並不合適。單一的喉鬚鯊盾鱗如一艘破浪的小飛艇，成片的盾鱗則如難以攻克的鋸齒防禦工事。臺灣喉鬚鯊身形細長，是臺灣西南部深海底棲常見的中、小型鯊魚，但僅出現於東港附近海域，可能為臺灣特有種。

Sharkskin is used to make shoes, wallets, sheaths, knife handles and other items. However, this is restricted to species with scales that are plate-like and tightly packed. The skin of the Taiwan saddled carpet shark (Cirrhoscyllium formosanum) is not suitable for manufacturing. One single scale resembles a jet boat and a cluster of scales is like an unbeatable jagged defense mechanism. This slender mid-sized shark species is common to the benthos of Taiwanese southwestern waters. However, they only occur off Dongang, Pintung, which may indicate that they are an endemic species to Taiwan.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年10~11月攝於國立自然科學博物館。圖1~2 使用Hitachi SU-1510 掃描式電子顯微鏡。圖1單獨處理出的喉鬚鯊盾鱗，在150倍下拍攝。圖2成片的喉鬚鯊盾鱗，在40倍下拍攝。圖3臺灣喉鬚鯊完整個體，用Nikon D90相機、60mm Micro Nikkor 鏡頭+SB-900閃燈拍攝。

Taken at the National Museum of Natural Science between October and November 2014. Images 1~2 were taken using Hitachi SU-1510 scanning electron microscope. Image 1 shows a single scale of a saddled carpet shark magnified 150 times. The second image is of a cluster of shark scales magnified 40 times. The third image is a life size Taiwan saddled carpet shark, which was photographed using a Nikon D90 camera, 60mm Micro Nikkor lens and SB-900 flash unit.

繽紛魚骨

Dazzling Fish Bones

邱相齡 房樹生 吳芝儀

魚的骨骼形狀，吃過魚的人一定都知道。但事實上，只要懂得運用一些化學藥劑、酵素和染劑，魚骨也可以變成藝術品及教學用具。透過透明魚製作技術，我們可以觀察、瞭解到骨骼完整的排列形狀，而本創作的出現，則是為了讓更多人見識到魚骨染色後的排列之美。

Anyone who has eaten fish knows what a fish skeleton looks like. However, what is less known is that using chemical agents, enzymes and dyeing equipment, the skeleton can be transformed into an art piece or a teaching specimen. By making the fish transparent, we can observe the whole skeletal structure of the fish. This was created with the purpose of showing people the beauty of the fish skeleton after the dyeing process.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年底攝於家齊女中實驗室。當時為了讓美麗的彩色魚骨更能顯色，我嘗試了多種方法，才找到了在玻璃瓶後黏上白紙、於下方用檯燈打光的方式。本照使用Panasonic LX5拍攝，後製則是使用picasa強調陰影，此方法可將背景弄得更黑、更能凸顯魚骨的繽紛色彩。

Taken in the laboratory of National Tainan Chia Chi Girls’ Senior High School at the end of 2012. In order to enhance the color of the fish bone, I tried various methods before settling on one. I pasted white paper onto the back of the jar and lit the object from beneath. The following image was captured using a Panasonic LX5 with post-processing done in Picasa. The shadow was enhanced to make the background darker, enabling the color of the fish bone to become more prominent.

不是錢、不是水母的錢幣水母

Blue Button: Not a Coin, nor a Jellyfish

陳翎

海邊漂來一種藍白色的水母，人稱錢幣水母，有一個碰起來硬硬的，圓形透明的漂浮構造。其實這是一種水螅蟲綱的生物。從側面看，可以看到漂浮構造下面有許多長條狀的觸手，這是由許多隻水螅蟲聚合的群體。因此每一隻錢幣水母，就像是一個浮動漂流的小社區。這種看起來像水母，卻不是水母的海洋生物，不會潛入海中，常被發現在海邊被浪打上岸乾涸死亡，留下像是透明薄薄的漂浮構造。

This blue and white creature floating on the coast is called a blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita), but is actually a hydrozoan species. It has a hard, round transparent float, with long tentacles extending below. This creature is a colony of many hydrozoan polyps and a mini floating community. Different from real jellyfishes, the blue button jellyfish do not dive or swim. People usually find them as thin coin-like species, drying out after being washed ashore.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年8月攝於新北市三貂角下面的馬崗。使用Olympus TG-850潛水相機。錢幣水母正面與側面，ISO- 320、8.7mm、f/5.2、1/250，自然光源。跟蹤漂近岸邊的錢幣水母，浪來時下面的觸手會浮起來，等待兩浪間比較平穩的時候來拍比較清楚。以jpg壓縮檔儲存，加強對比與銳利程度。

Taken at Magang, beneath Cape San Diego (Sandiaojiao), New Taipei City in August 2014, using an Olympus TG-850 waterproof camera, ISO-320, 8.7mm, f/5.2, 1/250, in natural light. This little blue button was found floating near the shore. It extended its tentacles whenever a wave hit. It was easier to photograph it between waves. The resulting image was saved as a jpg file. Contrast and sharpness were also adjusted.

海中的絢爛光芒

Splendid Lights in the Sea

郭權德

水母在水中舞動，閃耀著絢爛的光芒，令人看得目不轉睛。這隻五卷須金黃刺水母正散發著銀白色的光芒，優雅地舞著，非常美麗。水母能夠發光，是因為一種叫埃奎明的蛋白質，這種蛋白質遇到鈣離子，就會發出藍色強光。據科學家研究，每一隻水母體內大約含有50毫克的發光蛋白質。

It is difficult to take your eyes off radiant dancing jellyfish. This jellyfish Chrusaora quinquecirrha gracefully flashes a silvery white light as it dances. In jellyfish, luminescence is produced by a protein called aequorin. When activated by calcium ions, aequorin generates blue light. According to studies, every jellyfish contains approximately 50 mg of luminescent proteins in the body.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年12月攝於美國芝加哥雪德水族館 (Shedd Aquarium)。使用Nikon P7100於水族館內手持拍攝。

Taken at Shedd Aquarium in Chicago in December 2012 using a handheld Nikon P7100 camera.

海洋生物界的LV

Marine Organism Fashion

余慧盈

本身沒有游泳動力的錢幣水母（Porpita porpita），常見於臺灣沿海淺灘上，一旦被海浪打上岸，幾乎就難逃死亡的命運。某次野外調查帶回了幾隻，回到實驗室後發現水母的觸手上下來回的不停擺動，伴隨著許多棕色物體飄散於海水中，趕緊拿至顯微鏡下檢查拍照，原來是水母的卵吶！水母卵的棕配上顯微鏡底座的黑，這配色怎麼看怎麼覺得眼熟，原來啊！這不就是名牌LV（Louis Vuitton）的經典配色嗎？

The blue button jellyfish (Porpita porpita) does not have swimming capabilities and is frequently sighted along Taiwan's coasts. When washed ashore, it has met its end. I brought a few back to the lab when conducting field studies one day. I noticed that the tentacles of these captured specimens were continuously waving about with the accompaniment of brown matter wafting about in the seawater. I quickly placed them under the microscope to examine and photograph. To my surprise, the brown matter were the eggs of the blue button. There was something odd but familiar about the brown eggs on the black microscope stand. Then, it occurred to me that this is the same color scheme as Louis Vuitton!!

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2011年9月23日攝於中央研究院。使用Canon 5D2 + 60mm微距鏡+兩個離機閃光燈，以軟體加對比調亮度。

Taken at Academic Sinica on September 23, 2011. Equipment included Canon 5D2 with a 60mm macro lens with two additional flash units. Software was used to adjust contrast and brightness.

海蛞蝓的微笑

The Grin of the Sea Slug

余慧盈

眼斑平鰓海蛞蝓（Plakobranchus ocellatus）是一種攝食藻類的海蛞蝓。這類的海蛞蝓利用齒舌刺破海藻吸食其中的液體，藉此獲取能量，還可將葉綠體保留在身體的消化腺中行光合作用製造養份，可說摸蜆仔兼洗褲一舉兩得！在網路上搜尋此種海蛞蝓可找到許多圖片，但似乎沒有人嘗試過以平視角度拍攝，沒想到結果令人非常驚喜，海蛞蝓似乎在微笑。

The sea slug Plakobranchus ocellatus is an alage-grazer. Using its radula to pierce the seaweed, it sucks out the juices to obtain energy. This sea slug also stores chloroplast within its digestive gland and uses it for photosynthesis to produce nutrients, which brings to mind the saying "killing two birds with one stone". There are numerous sea slug images on the Internet but hardly any have been taken at eye level. I am pleasantly surprised with this shot because the sea slug seems to be grinning at me.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2010年11月23日攝於澎湖青灣水試所。將海蛞蝓放置於海水缸中，使用Nikon D80+ 105mm微距鏡 +一個離機閃光燈 + 機頂閃光燈，以軟體加對比調亮度以及抹除雜點。

Taken at Qingwan Fisheries Research Institute in Penghu on November 23, 2010. The sea slug was placed in seawater tank and a Nikon D80 with 105mm macro lens, one additional flash unit and top mount flash were used to capture the image. Post-processing was done to increase contrast, adjust light intensity and remove splotches.

會呼吸的皮膚：海星的皮鰓

Skin that Breathes: Dermal Gills of Starfish

李坤瑄

海燕(Asterina pectinofera)和一般海星一樣，口面有明顯的「步帶溝」，打開後可伸出眾多具有吸盤的管足，這是牠們最主要的運動和捕食器官。只有在活著的時候，海星的反口面才會在特定區域浮現一層透明的呼吸構造，稱為「皮鰓」。皮鰓與管足是同源器官，朝上長在反口面，但已無吸盤，亦無運動和捕食作用。色彩鮮豔的海燕呈現海星的水管系統的一體兩面。

The starfish Asterina pectinofera, like all other starfishes, possesses ambulacral grooves on its oral side. When the grooves open, many tube feet with suction pads extend for movement and feeding. A transparent breathing structure called “dermal gill” is only visible when the starfish is alive. It is homologous to the tube foot. Facing upwards on the aboral surface, it has no suction pads or function in terms of movement or catching prey. This work reveals the two sides of the ambulacral system of this spectacular starfish.

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技術說明 Technical Explanation

圖1.山東青島潮間帶的海燕生態照：2012年7月21日，以Nikon D5000相機+60mm Micro Nikkor 鏡頭+SB-800閃燈，f/25，在山東省青島市潮間帶拍攝。圖2. 海燕反口面的皮鰓：2012年7月21日， +Raynox 35mm Microscopic Lens 12x CM-3500，在山東省青島市潮間帶拍攝。圖3. 海燕口面運動用的管足：2012年7月21日在山東省青島市潮間帶拍攝。

Image 1: Taken in the tidal flats of Qingdao City, Shangdong Province on July 21, 2012. Equipment included Nikon D5000 camera with 60mm Micro Nikkor lens and SB-800 flash, f/25. Image 2: The dermal gills on the starfish’s aboral surface, taken on July 21, 2012. Equipment included Raynox 35mm Microscopic Lens 12x CM-3500. Image 3: The tube feet on the starfish’s oral surface, taken on July 21, 2012 in the tidal flats of Qingdao City, Shandong Province.

海邊的小鋼盔

The Steel Helmet by the Seaside

李坤瑄

默氏笠海膽是一種極度特化的正型海膽，密覆體殼反口面的棘刺，變形成極短的鉚釘狀，最外圍一圈則變為扁平的長片狀，外形像一頂戰場上的鋼盔。搭配口面發達的管足，像個超級大吸盤。這樣的配備，讓牠們能夠在巨浪衝擊的光滑礁石表面上棲息、生存，沒有其他對手競爭。

Colobocentratus mertensi is an extremely specialized regular urchin. The spines densely covering its aboral surface have been transformed into little rivets; its body is fringed by a ring of long flat ones. The entire shape resembles a steel helmet. With its oral tube feet, it can function as a big suction pad on surface. This feature allows it to settle and survive on slippery reefs that are constantly exposed to wave forces.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2009年7月拍攝。圖1默氏笠海膽生態照，棲息在碎浪帶的光滑岩石上，攝於臺東縣蘭嶼鄉小蘭嶼，使用Canon Digital IXUS 860 IS數位相機+原廠防水箱與散光板拍攝。圖2默氏笠海膽側面標本照，反口面棘刺呈短鉚釘狀，海膽外形如鋼盔。圖3默氏笠海膽口面標本照，口面截平，具有眾多吸盤發達的管足，有利於吸附在礁石上。圖2~3攝於國立自然科學博物館，使用Nikon D70S相機加60mm Micro Nikkor鏡頭、SB-800閃燈、f/29拍攝。

Taken in July 2009, the first image is an example of a sea urchin Colobocentratus mertensi in natural condition, which inhabits the slippery surface of wave-swept boulders. This image was taken on Hsiaolanyu, Lanyu Township, Taitung County using a Canon Digital IXUS 860 IS digital camera in WP-DC17 Waterproof Case with diffuser. The second image is the lateral view of the sea urchin with little rivet-like spines on its aboral surface, resembling a steel helmet. The third image is a specimen view of the oral surface. Its oral surface is flat and equipped with powerful suction mechanism to attach onto slippery rocks. Images 2~3 were taken at the National Museum of Natural Science, using a Nikon D70S camera with a 60mm Micro Nikkor lens, SB-800 flash and f/29.

紫色的小飛彈：白棘三列海膽的球形叉棘

Small Purple Missiles:

Round Pedicellariae of the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla

李坤瑄

白棘三列海膽（Tripneustes gratilla）是臺灣最常食用的大型海膽。遠觀時，體表的棘刺間有一層亮紫色、像細毛一樣不停擺動的構造；近看則是一顆顆帶著長柄的紫色圓球。若將這些圓球的肌肉組織去除，以掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM）拍攝，則現出牠們猙獰的真面目：一枚枚帶著毒囊，具有血溝，類似毒牙的球形叉棘，用來防禦、驅趕進犯的小型動物與企圖附生的動物幼體。

In Taiwan, the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is the most consumed large urchin species. From a distance, there is a bright purple zone of swaying fine hairs between rows of spines. On close up each is a small purple bead with a long handle attached. When their tissues are removed from the round bead and observed under a scanning electron microscope, their true form are revealed. These venonous pedicellaria, each containing blood grooves, resemble fangs used for keeping off small creatures and fouling organisms.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

圖1. 白棘三列海膽生態遠觀：2009年7月10日 以Canon IXUS-860IS相機+防水盒，機內閃燈自動曝光，攝於蘭嶼龍門港，水深約2公尺。圖2. 近看白棘三列海膽活體球形叉棘：2008年4月11日 以 Nikon D70S相機+60mm Micro Nikkor 鏡頭+SB-800閃燈+Raynox 35mm Microscopic Lens 12x CM-3500，f/29，在科博館4F小小動物園展示缸中拍攝，後續並進行格放。圖3. 白棘三列海膽球形叉棘電顯照。SEM-250x：2010年4月6日 以Hitachi SU-1510 掃描式電子顯微鏡，在250倍下拍攝。

Image 1: Observing the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla from a distance in natural condition: Taken on July 10, 2009 using a Canon IXUS-860IS camera plus waterproof case with internal automatic flash exposure in Orchid Island’s Longmen Port at a depth of 2m. Image 2: Close-up shot of the living specimen’s bead-shaped pedicellaria: Taken on April 11, 2008 using a Nikon D70S camera with 60mm Micro Nikkor lens and SB-800 flash + Raynox 35mm Microscopic Lens 12x CM-3500, f/29 in the mini zoo on the fourth floor of the National Musuem of Natural Science. Each frame was then placed in sequence. Image 3: Electron micrograph of the sea urchin. SEM-250x: Taken on April 6, 2010 using a Hitachi SU-1510 scanning electron microscope 250 x magnification.

海中森林的真貌

True Nature of the Ocean Forest

李坤瑄

深海原軟珊瑚是構成臺灣附近海域深海森林的一個主要類群。日本有蓋原軟珊瑚是其中具有金色中軸骨幹的一個種類，遠看有如橙黃色的小樹，串珠般的珊瑚蟲整齊地圍繞中軸排列，電子顯微鏡下，展現出構造精細的骨片立體拼圖。

Deep-sea primnoid soft corals make up most of the coral forests off Taiwanese waters. Calyptrophora japonica is a coral species that resembles an orange tree from a distance, contains golden axial skeleton. In close-up, we can see strings of bead-like polyps neatly surrounding the central axis, while creating an intricate 3D sclerite puzzle under SEM.

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技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年9月攝於國立自然科學博物館。圖1原軟珊瑚群體。圖2原軟珊瑚珊瑚蟲體放大圖，Raynox 35mm Microscopic Lens 12x CM-3500。圖1~2使用Nikon D90相機、60mm Micro Nikkor 鏡頭、SB-900閃燈、f/25。圖3原軟珊瑚珊瑚蟲體SEM放大圖，Hitachi SU-1510 掃描式電子顯微鏡，在60倍下拍攝。

Taken at the National Museum of Natural Science in Taichung in September 2014. Image 1: Primnoid soft coral Clayptrophora japonica colony. Image 2: The enlarged image of the alcyonacean coral obtained using Raynox 35mm macro lens 12x CM-3500. Images 1~2 were taken using Nikon D90 camera, 60mm Micro Nikkor lens, SB-900 flash unit, f/25. Image 3 is the enlarged SEM photograph of the coral’s body structure using Hitachi SU-1510 scanning electron microscope with 60X magnification.

一體多面：綿羊同心蛤

Multifaceted Meiocardia vulgaris

李坤瑄

綿羊角同心蛤，是棲息在深海泥砂底的雙殼貝類，貝殼構造立體，造型優美，從不同角度拍攝，可呈現出截然不同的造型：一邊看過去像雙角捲曲的綿羊頭，換個角度像拉長的心形，再一轉又只是一枚彎向一邊而鼓起的雙殼貝，正是一體多面相的好例子。

Meiocardia vulgaris is a bivalve that lives in the mud and sand on the ocean seafloor. When photographed from different angles, this three-dimensional creature appears in different forms. From one angle, it looks like a ram’s head with curled horns. From another angle, it becomes an elongated heart shape. By turning it around, it returns to its puffy twisted bivalve form.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年2月攝於臺中市北區貝殼屋超市，使用Nikon D5000加60mm Micro Nikkor 鏡頭，SB-800閃燈、f/25。圖1這個角度看似捲角的綿羊頭。圖2這個角度變成狹長的心形。圖3這面看只是一枚彎向一邊鼓起的雙殼貝。

Taken at Beikewu Supermarket in Taichung City’s North District in February 2013, using a Nikon D5000 with 60mm Micro Nikkor lens, SB-800 flash, f/25. In image 1, it looks like a ram's head with curled horns. In image 2, it becomes a long narrow heart shape. In image 3, it looks like a puffy twisted bivalve.

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夢幻紫螺

Dreamy Purple Sea Snail

蘇俊育

不同於大家所認識的螺貝類，紫螺捨棄了底棲的生活方式，分泌透明的黏液泡形成浮囊，以腹足攀附其上漂在海面，隨著海流四處移動終其一生。紫螺食性專一，以同樣漂浮於海面的水母為食，進食時會從口中伸出特殊的齒舌刮食。生殖時，母螺會將一包包粉紅色的卵產在浮囊下，小紫螺免於四散。由於四處漂浮，被浪打上岸的個體通常已經死亡，本次得幸記錄到活體的影像與行為。

What sets the purple snail (Janthina janthina) apart from other gastropods we are familiar with is that it is not benthos. Bubble-like mucus sacs function as buoys, which allows this snail to float aimlessly in the ocean. It mainly feeds on jellyfishes with unique radula that extends from the mouth. The female snails lay pinkish eggs under the bubble sacs to keep them from floating away. The individuals washed ashore are usually dead already. It was fortunate to capture these images and the behavioral patterns of a living specimen.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

8月採集的活體樣本，當天即架設水缸拍攝。使用Nikon D7100、85mm micro鏡頭搭配閃光燈R1C1進行拍攝。以特定角度進行拍攝，於水面上方形成倒影，下方為實體。之後用Photoshop進行降低雜訊、背景模糊、去除汙點、亮度、對比、白平衡、清晰度、裁切、形變等調整。

This living specimen was collected in August and photographed in a glass tank on the same day using a Nikon D7100, 85mm micro lens with a R1C1 flash. The photograph was taken from a specific angle: a reflection was created above the water surface with the real object located below the surface. Photoshop was then used to reduce the noise, blur the background, erase the stains, and adjust the brightness, contrast, white balance, and clarity, as well as for cropping and recomposition.

藍紋章魚的情緒色彩

Emotional Colors of the Blue-lined Octopus

陳楊文

藍紋章魚（Hapalochlaena cf. fasciata）在情緒鬆弛時，體色是土黃色。當感受到脅迫時，體色會立即轉變成黑褐色。威脅感越重就越緊張，體色越深暗。甚至逃避入岩塊洞穴黑暗處時，體色會變成灰黑色。然而，身上藍色螢光環紋自始不變，可能是一種對敵人展現有毒的警戒色。死後，整個體色變成粉紅色，但受到外力碰觸時，皮膚仍舊會稍改顏色。因此，推測藍紋章魚的顏色可能受到肌肉張力的控制，肌肉緊繃時與肌肉鬆弛時，皮膚色素的顯色不同。

When the blue-lined octopus (Hapalochaena cf. fasciata) is relaxed, its body is an earthy yellow color. Upon being threatened, the color changes to blackish brown. The larger the perceived threat, the darker the color. While escaping into a hole for safety it appears grayish black. However, perhaps as a warning to predators that it is poisonous, the fluorescent blue circular patterns remain the same. Upon death, the color changes to pink, but if the corpse is disturbed, the color changes slightly. Therefore, it is assumed that the color changes are controlled by muscle tension.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

7年來我們長期觀察新北市馬崗平臺的潮間帶，2012年8月18日罕見地同時出現幾隻藍紋章魚，三張照片皆拍於同一日同一地點。使用Nikon D90相機配備單一閃光燈SB-28，60mm f/2.8微距鏡頭，加裝Ewa-Marine防水袋，於潮池中拍攝。以單一閃光燈模擬太陽光源，同時檢視所拍攝的影像，與實體色彩是否有明顯的差誤。當拍攝章魚躲藏在洞穴黑暗處時，刻意只利用現場微弱之自然光源。藉由提高相機感光度，與自動白平衡，記錄陰影微光下藍紋章魚的自然體色。拍攝死去的藍紋章魚時，由放大的瞳孔推測其死亡，並待腐食性螺類前來取食。由觀察螺類所爬過的微小壓力，可看到體色的變化，確認藍紋章魚剛死之際，施以機械刺激仍能變色。

We spent seven years observing and recording in the intertidal zone of the Magang Platform in New Taipei City. On August 18, 2012, we spotted a few blue-lined octopuses. All three images were obtained on the same day at the same location. Equipment included Nikon D90 camera with single flash SB-28, 60mm f/2.8 macro lens, ewa-marine waterproof bag. Images were taken in tide pools. Single flash was used to imitate natural light and the shot was viewed to make sure that there was little difference between the real color and that of the photograph. When photographing the octopus in its cave, only dim natural light was used. The film speed of the camera was raised and the white balance was automatically adjusted to capture the natural color of the octopus hiding in darkness. When photographing the dead octopus, the enlarged pupils confirmed its death and scavenger snails soon came to feast on it. From observation, the color of the octopus changed when the scavenger put pressure on its body when crawling over it. This confirmed that just after an octopus dies, its body color can still change if it encounters mechanical stimuli.

海洋靈魂之窗的演化

Evolution of Eyes in the Sea

陳楊文

從不同門海洋動物的眼睛，可以觀察到從簡單的1D點狀到3D球狀的演化趨勢。扁形動物門只具有感光的眼點，較複雜的脊椎動物則升級到可調焦距成像的功能。扁形動物雖然多是掠食性，但是其眼點只能判別明暗。寄居蟹視覺靈敏、行動敏捷，外界稍微有所動靜，便會躲入殼中露出柄狀複眼觀察外界。而脊椎動物的鮋魚（鮋科）有水晶體與網膜構造，其功能可與人眼相匹比。

By looking at the eyes of different marine animals, one can observe an evolutionary trend, from one-dimensional eyespots to three-dimensional ball-eyes. Flatworms only have two scattered dot-like eyespots for sensing light. More complicated vertebrates have eyes that can formulate and focus on images. Although flatworms are mostly predatory in nature, their eyespots can only differentiate between light and dark. The hermit crab Dardanus calidus is a visually sensitive and agile creature. Any sign of movement will make it retreat into its shell while sticking out its eye rods as a form of surveillance. Vertebrates such as the scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae) have lens and retina comparable to those of humans.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年2~11月攝於新北市馬崗平臺的潮池。拍攝敏感海洋生物的眼睛特寫，必須在搖晃的海水，保持敏銳的觀察力，與極大的耐心構圖。為保持取得清晰與景深夠大的影像，以單一閃光燈（Nikon SB-28）或是機身LED燈光（TG-3）模擬太陽光源，並在現場肉眼檢視所拍攝的成像色彩，與實體色彩是否會有明顯的誤差。圖1~2使用Nikon D7000、閃光燈SB-28、60mm、F2.8微距鏡頭與Kenko1.4倍加倍鏡，加裝 Ewa-Marine 防水袋，於潮池中所拍攝之海洋生態照片。圖1扁蟲頭部的小小眼點，ISO 400、手動M模式、速度1/350、f/54、閃燈1/2。圖2寄居蟹綠色的複眼，ISO400、手動M模式、1/250、f/38、閃燈1/2，相機為 Olympus TG-3，用Photoshop調整色彩對比。圖3鮋魚的精巧眼睛，使用OlympusTG-3相機，感光設定自動顯微鏡模式，1/1250、f/16.48，自然光源與機身LED補光。

Taken at a tide pool on the Magang platform, New Taipei City, between February and November 2014. When photographing marine creatures' eyes close up, one must have keen observation skills and great patience in wavy waters. A single flash (Nikon SB-28) or a built-in LED light (TG-3) was used to imitate the sunlight. The color of the image was compared to the actual color of the object using the naked eye. Images 1 and 2 were taken with Nikon D7000, flash unit SB-28, 60mm, F2.8 macro lens and Kenko1.4 diopter lens, and Ewa-Marine waterproof housing to capture the marine creatures in the tide pool. Image 1: The tiny eyespots of the flatworm were photographed using ISO 400, manual controlled (M) mode, speed: 1/350, f/54, flash 1/2. Image 2: The green compound eye of the hermit crab was photographed using ISO 400, M mode, 1/1250, f/38, flash 1/2, TG-3. Color adjustment and contrast were carried out in Photoshop. Image 3: The predatory scorpion fish equipped with precise vision, was photographed using OlympusTG-3 camera, with ISO was set to auto-macro mode, 1/1250, f/16.48, natural lighting and built-in LED for additional lighting.

渴望

A Yearning Desire

王俊傑

仙女蝦是群棲暫時性淡水域的甲殼類動物。面對難以預料的降雨，牠們得趕在水池消失前交配、產下休眠卵，等待下一次生長的機會到來。由於時間寶貴，可交配的雌性又稀少，雄性極度渴望配偶，積極逡巡，主動探查身旁的個體。但是，視覺等感官卻不甚靈光，焉能辨牠是雌雄，雄性熱烈追求的對象往往是其他雄性，甚至還會試圖交配呢！然而，這種看似不合理的行為，卻被演化所保留著。

The fairy shrimp (Branchinella thailandensis) is a crustacean congregating in temporary freshwater ponds. With the unpredictable rainfall, these freshwater shrimp must swarm in the pond before the water disappears and lay dormant eggs. As time is limited and females are hard to find, the males must proactively search their surroundings. However, as their sight is poor, it is hard for them to differentiate between male and female. Thus, they may spend a significant amount of time flirting with other males and even attempting to mate with them. Although their behavior seems illogical, it has been preserved throughout their evolution.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年10~11月攝於臺灣大學生命科學館635研究室。為進行仙女蝦交配行為研究，先撈取雌雄約20~30隻，放置在加入1 L原飼養水體的透明玻璃缸，以日光燈由正上方10 cm處照明（與飼養環境相同），待5分鐘適應後開始拍攝。以OLYMPUS E-5、ZUIKO Digital ED 50mm/f2 Macro，手動對焦表現出交配行為的個體（M mode，ISO100，f20，1/250秒，WB 5300 K），並以環型閃光燈（Metz 15MS-1）全力輸出（GN = 15），從玻璃缸正上方5 cm處補光。再利用OLYMPUS Viewer 3軟體，對比度維持0或+1，其餘參數均無調整。

Taken in Lab 635 of the Life Science Building at National Taiwan University between October and November 2014. The purpose was to study the mating behaviors of the fairy shrimp. Twenty to thirty shrimp were placed in a glass aquarium with 1L of original water from the rear tank. Fluorescent light was placed 10 cm above the aquarium (same as in the rear tank). The shrimp were allowed to settle for five minutes before photographing. Images were captured using an OLYMPUS E-5, ZUIKO Digital ED 50mm/f2 Macro lens, manually focused to showcase each individual (M mode, ISO100, f20, 1/250 per second, WB 5300 K). A ring flash (Metz 15MS-1) was used with full output (GN=15) as additional illumination placed 5cm directly above the tank. OLYMPUS Viewer 3 software was used to keep the contrast ratio at 0 or +1. The rest of the settings were left unadjusted.

堅持

Perseverance

王俊傑

本作品意在表現生活於暫時性水池的大型鰓足類，即使面臨棲地即將乾涸的威脅，仍然堅持活到生命的最後一刻，分秒不浪費。完全水生的大型鰓足類，棲息於乾、溼頻繁交替的暫時性水池；牠們利用快速孵化、成熟並產下休眠卵的生活史策略，適應棲地的不穩定性。縱使面對積水再過數個小時便會完全消退而只能擁擠於極度受限之水體的絕境，牠們依舊堅持著，利用僅存的時間交配、產卵，直到池水完全退卻、奪走牠們的生命為止。

This work expresses the dangers faced by large Branchiopoda species inhabiting temporary ponds when the ponds dry up. Not wasting any time, these aquatic species insist on living till the last moment. Their survival strategy is to quickly hatch, mature and lay dormant eggs in these temporary and unstable ponds. Even though the water might retreat completely in a few hours, they insist on squeezing together tightly, keeping themselves alive in this hopeless situation. They take advantage of the remaining time to mate and produce eggs until the water completely disappears, ending their lives.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年9月13日攝於陽明山向天池。此時為本年度第三梯次積水期的最後一天。圖1使用Olympus XZ-1數位相機與專用潛水盒，選擇僅存的數個小凹洞之其中一處，將相機放置於池底，以側面略為仰起的角度，設定成超近拍模式進行拍攝；圖2則使用Olympus E-5數位單眼相機與ZUIKO Digital ED 50 mm / f2 Macro專用鏡頭，搭配B+W CPL（口徑：52 mm）降低水表反射之光線，此時部分邊緣水域正逐漸乾涸，因此從池水正上方略偏側邊，拍攝尚在水中的個體，與正在擱淺，甚至剛被乾死的個體。兩張RAW圖檔增加對比度一格，其餘均為機身設定無調整。

Taken at Xiangtian Pond on Yangming Mountain on September 13, 2013. This was the last day of the third and final period of water accumulation that year. Image 1: Olympus XZ-1 digital camera and waterproof case. The camera was placed at the bottom of the pond at a lateral angle facing a specific cavity and set to close-up mode. Image 2: Olympus E-5 digital single lens reflex camera and ZUIKO Digital ED 50 mm / f2 Macro lens paired with B+W CPL (52 mm diameter) to decrease the light reflected from the surface. As the side of the pond had been steadily drying up, the photograph was taken right over the pond at a lateral angle to capture the various life forms in the water along with the stranded and already dried up individuals. The contrast of two RAW files was adjusted by 1 stop, while the rest were left unadjusted.

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深紋

Indentation

秦義雯 張智翔

多采多姿的海洋生物，總是令潛水客著迷。腦紋珊瑚群體上有很多深深的凹槽，就像人的大腦或小腸的皺褶。珊瑚蟲的觸手一排排整齊地排列在兩側，口長在底部，形如凹槽。圓球形群體有助於承受海浪的衝擊。此種珊瑚會發出螢光，利用細胞內特殊蛋白質來吸收高能量輻射，再以較低能量的螢光形式釋放出來，這是一種珊瑚應對太陽紫外光照射的防禦機制。此圖為以藍光刺激珊瑚後所散發出的繽紛色彩。

Divers are always amazed by the wonders in the sea. The brain coral Trachyphyllia geoffrycyi has indentations similar to the creases of a brain or small intestines. The tentacles neatly line up on both sides with a curved mouth on the bottom. Their spherical structure is helpful in withstanding the impact forces of the waves. As a defense mechanism against solar UV light, this luminescent coral employs particular proteins within its cells to absorb high-energy rays, and then to release low energy fluorescence. This photograph shows the luminescence by the coral after illumination with blue light.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於自家水族箱。水族維生系統使用24小時燈控燈具，1萬K以上的LED燈泡，蛋白除沫器、鈣離子反應器、硝酸鹽去除器、冷卻機、藍光及黃光等照明設備。以Nikon D700、f11、1/800秒、Panasonic DMC-LX5、F2.7、1/80秒拍攝。以Photoshop軟體進行影像的裁切並提高了明度與彩度的對比，儘量表現珊瑚的口、觸手及皺褶等構造。

Taken in my own aquarium in December 2014. Capturing of these images involved a 24-hour controlled 10,000K plus LED light bulb, protein skimmer, calcium ion catalytic reactor, nitrate remover, cooling system, and blue and yellow light sources. The photographs were then taken using a Nikon D700, f11, 1/800 second, and a Panasonic DMC-LX5, F2.7, 1/80 second. Photoshop was used for cropping, increasing the brightness and contrast to highlight the structures of the coral, such as the mouth, tentacles, and creases.

水族缸裡的味蕾

Taste Buds in an Aquarium

呂雨蓁 張智翔

在教科書中看到人體味蕾的照片，似乎與家中水族缸裡的紅菇珊瑚觸手有幾分相似。紅菇珊瑚只要照光就可以存活，因為身體裡寄住許多可以行光合作用的共生藻。當以藍光照射紅菇珊瑚時，牠會發出淡淡的紅色螢光！在紫外線照射之下，螢光蛋白吸收能量後會把一部分分給共生藻，其餘多出來的能量便會釋放出來變成美麗的螢光喔！

The images of human taste buds in textbooks resemble the tentacles of the blue mushroom coral (Actinodiscus sp.) in my aquarium. As its body contains symbiotic algae that carry out photosynthesis, this coral can survive just by irradiation. As in the photograph at the bottom of this page, when blue light is cast on the coral, it emits a reddish luminescence. Under ultraviolet rays, fluorescent protein in the coral will deliver part of the energy to the symbiotic algae and the remaining energy will be released to produce beautiful fluorescence

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於自家海水水族箱。使用24小時燈控燈具，1萬K以上LED燈泡，蛋白除沫器、鈣離子反應器、硝酸鹽去除器、冷卻機、藍光照明等設備。以Panasonic DMCX5 f/4，1/100秒取得。用Photoshop進行影像的裁切、銳利化，並調整色階與彩度的對比。

Taken in my seawater aquarium at home in December 2014. The process involved setting up a 24-hour controlled light fixture, and 10,000K LED light bulb, protein skimmer, calcium ion catalytic reactor, nitrate remover, cooler and blue light source. The photographs were then taken using a Panasonic DMCX5 at f/4, 1/100 per second. Photoshop was used for cropping and increasing the brightness and contrast.

海神的珠子

Neptune’s Pearls

張智翔 秦義雯

多采多姿的海洋生物，總是讓許多潛水人著迷！像香菇般的虎耳珊瑚，被覆的藍色珠子其實是牠的觸手，身上發出螢光為海底增添不少色彩。強烈的陽光會讓皮膚曬傷，也會讓珊瑚受到傷害。利用體內螢光蛋白質來吸收高能量的光照，再以低能量的螢光釋放出來，是珊瑚避免「曬傷」的防禦機制。右圖以藍光刺激珊瑚，散發出來的螢光顏色較深，左圖以藍光加上黃光刺激珊瑚，螢光顏色則較淺。

Divers are always amazed by colorful marine life. The blue beads covering the body of the mushroom-like coral Metarhodactis sp. are actually its tentacles. The luminescence emitted from its body adds to the assortment of colors under the sea. Intense sunlight can damage our skin and the same applies to coral. As a defense mechanism, it uses fluorescent proteins within its body to absorb high-energy sunlight and releases low-energy luminescence. The image on the right shows a darker shade of color after stimulation by blue light, while the one on the left shows the result of the addition of yellow light, a lighter shade of body color.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於自家水族箱。使用24小時燈控燈具，1萬K以上的LED燈泡，蛋白除沫器、鈣離子反應器、硝酸鹽去除器、冷卻機、藍光及黃光等照明設備。影像以Nikon D700，f/11，1/800秒取得。使用Photoshop進行影像的裁切，提高了明度與彩度的對比。

Taken at my seawater aquarium at home in December 2014. The process involved the setting up of a 24-hour controlled light fixture, with 10,000K LED light bulb, protein skimmer, calcium ion catalytic reactor, nitrate remover, cooler and blue and yellow light sources. The photographs were then taken using a Nikon D700, f/11, 1/800 per second. Photoshop was used for cropping and increasing the brightness and contrast.

擲筊：聖杯、笑杯

Moon Blocks: Divine Answer, Comic Answer

汪良奇

花蓮鯉魚潭湖積物內所萃取的矽藻化石，其年代約2千年前。左圖為橋灣藻屬矽藻，右圖為內絲藻屬矽藻。在湖泊採取湖積物岩芯的心情，就像在擲筊。岩芯在採上來前，甚至在進行分析前，永遠不知道裡面會不會有完好的微化石，也不知道是否保存古環境紀錄？

Fossilized diatoms extracted from sediments in Liyu Lake in Hualien date back to two thousand years ago. The photograph on the left is of a Cymbellaceae diatom while the one on the right is of an Encyonema diatom. Extracting the sediment from the lake is comparable to the tossing of crescent moon-shaped divination blocks. Before the sediment is extracted or even analyzed, you never know whether the sediment contains intact microfossils or has preserved any trace of the palaeoenvironment.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2007年11月攝於中央研究院植物暨微生物學研究所的植物細胞學核心研究室。以FEI QUANTA200掃描式電子顯微鏡進行攝影。用Photoshop將矽藻圈選後上色。

Taken at the Plant Cell Biology Core Lab of the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology. Academia Sinica in November 2007, using FEI QUANTA200 Scanning Electron Microscope. Photoshop was used to color the selected diatoms.

幼蟹溯旅

The Anadromous Journey of Juvenile Crabs

楊維晟

河海洄游生物的旅程是個壯舉。母蟹降海產卵後，孵化的幼體以浮游生物之姿於海洋生活，漸漸變態為「大眼幼蟹」。當潮汐適當，大眼幼蟹紛紛集結，成千上萬從河口溯河而上，準備返抵河流中上游成長。臺東金崙溪口這批大眼幼蟹包含字紋弓蟹與臺灣扁絨螯蟹，千軍萬馬不畏艱辛在急流處爬上岸，遇到石頭就翻越。體內溯河的基因支配牠們完成這段生命重要的旅程，更造就出難得一見的自然生態奇景。

The journey from ocean to river is a heroic task for many creatures. Once the mother crab lays its eggs in the ocean, the eggs flow with the ocean current and slowly metamorphose into megalopa. These crab larva, en masse, enter the estuary, ready to reach the midstream and upstream sections to start their adult life. These juvenile crabs at the Jinlun River estuarine in Taitung County consist of Verna litterata and Platyeriocheir formosa. Hundreds of thousands of them brace themselves for the harsh terrain making their way to the banks of the river and climbing over the rocks. The anadromous genes in their bodies direct them to accomplish this important life journey. It is an amazing ecological phenomenon to witness.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年8月18日攝於臺東金崙溪口，使用Nikon D7100單眼相機與60mm微距鏡頭，以自然光拍攝。影像後製只有調整亮度與對比，並調整影像尺寸為3：4的比例。

Taken at the mouth of the Jinlun River in Taitung County on August 18, 2013. Equipment included Nikon D7100 DSLR and 60mm macro lens. Natural lighting was used. Image post-processing was only needed for light intensity and contrast. Then, the image was set at a 3:4 ratio.

陸蟹釋幼

Terrestrial Crab Mother Releasing Her Young

蘇俊育

後灣是個寧靜的小漁村，緊鄰漁村旁的海岸林住著全臺灣最大族群的「兇狠圓軸蟹」。傍晚太陽下山時，螃蟹媽媽開始悄悄的從林子裡出來，帶著滿肚子的小寶寶正要走到海裡準備釋幼。目前這些螃蟹居住的棲地正面臨開發的威脅，釋幼的行為還能延續多久？

Houwan is a quiet fishing village. Right next to it is a coastal forest that houses the largest population of the crab Cardisoma carnifex in Taiwan. As the sun sets, a mother crab with its belly full of zoeas quietly emerges from the bushes and heads to the shore to release her young. Due to the threat of landscape development, I wonder how much longer this phenomenum can be observed.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年5月27日攝於後灣。設備：Nikon D7000＋17~55 f/2.8＋手電筒。後製：裁圖，減低雜訊，飽和、對比、明暗、白平衡調整。

Taken at Houwan on May 27, 2013. Equipment: Nikon D7000 with 17~55 f/2.8 lens and flash. Image post-processing: Cropping, noise reduction, saturation, contrast, shading and adjustment of white balance.

植物與真菌

Plants and Fungi

種子幻境

The Fantasy World of Seeds

牛洋 李漣漪

一粒微小的種子，卻蘊藏著成長為參天大樹的全部密碼。藉助X光造影儀的強大力量，我們得以更深入地欣賞種子精美的外部和內部結構。這些精巧的結構和多樣性，通過上色與組合的各種處理，讓人領略到植物世界乃至整個宇宙的精妙與繁雜。

Such a tiny seed, yet it holds the key to the growth of a tree. With the aid of X-ray radiography, we can go a step further to look at the elegant interior and exterior structures of a seed. Using composition and coloring, these ingenious and diverse structures provide insight into the plant world and the complexity of the universe.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

種子庫不僅保藏種子，同時也對種子的生物學特性進行研究。為了在不對種子進行機械損傷的情況下觀察種子的內部結構，中科院昆明植物研究所的研究人員利用X光造影設備拍攝了一系列形態各異的種子圖片。科研人員能夠從這些照片中讀出種子或果實的發育情況以及健康狀態，藉以判斷它們是否具有保藏價值。拍攝器材及參數：X光造影儀Faxitron X-ray MX-20拍攝，取得黑白照片，經後期上色、構圖及拼接。

Seed databases are not only places for storing seeds, but also for conducting research on the biological characteristics of seeds. To avoid damage to the seeds when observing their internal structures, researchers at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science use X-ray radiography equipment to capture the various forms and structures of seeds. They are able to identify the conditions for growth and the health of seeds and fruits, as well as to determine whether or not they are worth keeping in storage. Equipment included MRI Faxitron MX-20 system. Black and white photographs were obtained, then colored in, composed and pieced together.

一花一世界

Each to His Own

王文明

就像人的指紋，不同植物的花粉有不同的形態與紋路。花粉壁不易被微生物分解，從地層沉積物中檢視花粉的種類和數量，可以還原當時的氣候環境與植被類型。在演化上，裸子植物還沒形成吸引昆蟲的花朵構造，花粉都由風來傳播。二葉松的花粉上有兩個氣囊，正是花粉可以隨風飄送的關鍵構造。單子葉植物的花粉通常有一條溝稱為單溝型花粉，其表面的紋路與突起也可作為植物分類的依據。雙子葉植物多為三角飯糰狀，並且有三條溝與孔，但是錦葵科的植物相當不一樣，花粉有如海膽般充滿突起，您猜是否便於附著在昆蟲的腳上被帶著走？

Just like human fingerprints, pollen comes in all forms and patterns. The pollen wall is not easily decomposed by microorganisms. From observing pollen from the earth’s strata, we can understand past weather patterns and types of vegetation. In the process of evolution, before gymnosperms developed any insect-attracting flowers, pollen was distributed by the wind. There are two air sacs in the pollen of this Pinus species, which are the key structures for dispersal by wind. Monocotyledons usually possess a single furrow, also called a monocolpate and the patterns and bumps on the surface can be used for classification. Dicotyledon pollen is mostly triangular in shape with three furrows and pores. However, the mallow family differs greatly, as its pollen resembles the spikes of a well-armed sea urchin. Can you guess whether or not the pollen can stick to the legs of insects?

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2002年拍攝、2013年後製。地點：臺南教育大學。使用SEM（掃描式電子顯微鏡）。後製進行亮度與反差調整，並進行部分上色，讓原本黑白的電子顯微鏡照片顯現豐富色彩，藉以凸顯主題。

圖1.哇~~米老鼠耶！其實是二葉松的花粉。

圖2.好吃的大亨堡？這是百合花的花粉呢！

圖3.這是海膽嗎？不，這是錦葵科植物金午時花的花粉。

Taken in 2002 with retouching completed in 2013. Location: National University of Tainan. SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used and images underwent post-processing for light intensity and contrast. Parts of the photograph were colored to enhance the original black and white image.

Image 1: Wow~~Mickey Mouse! Actually this is the pollen of a Pinus species.

Image 2: Delicious looking hot dog? No, it is actually the pollen of a Lilium species!

Image 3: That must be a sea urchin, right? Wrong. It’s the pollen of Sida rhombifolia, which belongs to the mallow family.

生存：植物的傳播策略

Communication Strategies of Plants

林柏衡

世界上植物的外表千奇百怪，為了生存無不爭奇鬥豔。花粉也有著同樣的生存壓力，因為傳媒不同，外表形態及大小有不小的差異。藉由掃描式電子顯微鏡的觀察，可以進一步的瞭解植物花粉的精細結構以及多樣性。

Plants come in all shapes and sizes. For the purpose of survival, they compete with each other fiercely. Pollen is under the same pressure, hence the different sizes and shapes used for different transferring media. Using the scanning electron microscope, we can go a step further in our understanding of the intricate structure of pollen and its diversity.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於國立自然科學博物館地質學組。使用Hitachi S1510掃描式電子顯微鏡。以Photoshop修圖軟體去背、上色、拼接及調整對比亮度。

Taken in the National Museum of Natural Science’s geology department in December 2014 using a Hitachi S1510 scanning electron microscope. Then, background clipping, coloring in, montage and adjustment of brightness were carried out in Photoshop.

生命的觸手

Tentacles of Life

牛洋

傳粉過程係植物有性生殖的重要環節。花粉落置於柱頭表面之後，萌生的花粉管如同觸手一般將雄配子送入子房，使胚珠受孕。這一過程可藉由螢光染色的方式在顯微鏡下呈現在人們眼前。星星點點的藍色螢光、搖曳的花粉粒形成了一幅如夢似幻的畫面。

Pollination is an important step in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Once pollen lands on the stigma, it germinates and its pollen tube grows downward into the style to the ovary, enabling the ovule to fertilize. Fluorescent stain and microscope were used for viewing. The sparkling blue fluorescence and swaying pollen create a dreamy image.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2010年10月攝於中國科學院昆明植物研究所。作者首先在野外為細葉藍鐘花（Cyananthus delavayi，中國西南地區特有種）授粉，而後用固定液保存樣品，在實驗室中採用苯胺藍染料染色，再通過螢光顯微鏡觀察，最後藉助顯微鏡成像系統拍攝獲得圖像。

Taken at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences in October 2010. The photographer first had the wild Cyananthus delavayi (native to China’s southwest) pollinated and preserved in fixing solution. Aniline dyeing material was then used to dye the plant in the laboratory, followed by observation under a fluorescence microscope. This image was captured using microscope imaging system.

水稻葉知多少?

How Much Do You Know about Rice Leaves?

秦義雯 陳曼青 楊美珠 吳啟智

水稻下表皮矽質突起。水稻吸收矽酸後，會經木質部將其運到莖和葉，使表皮細胞矽質化並產生許多矽質乳突，矽質乳突可使作物的莖葉挺直，減少遮蔭，以提高光合作用效率。此外，若再加上表面密布針狀蠟，使水分蒸散儘可能減少，亦可形成一道物理防護牆以阻止真菌菌絲入侵。另外也因莖葉表面堅硬粗糙避免昆蟲啃食，間接增加作物對病蟲害的抵抗力。創作理念：水稻的葉表面粗糙容易割手，勾起我們想要追根究底瞭解其原因？

The epidermis of paddy rice protrudes. After absorbing silicic acid, paddy rice plant transports this acid to the stalk and leaves via the xylem, silicifying the epidermis to produce silicic wax. The wax is used to straighten and strenghten the leaves and stalks, decreasing the likelihood of shading and enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis. In addition, the surfaces are densely covered in wax in needle-like form that not only decreases the evaporation of water, but also creates a barrier against the invasion of fungus. As the surface of the plant is hard and coarse, it stops insects from chewing it, increasing its resistance to disease. Concept of creation: Does the scratchiness and coarseness of paddy rice leaves make us want to better understand its characteristics?

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年2月21日攝於中央研究院植物暨微生物研究所。使用設備與條件：前處理：將水稻葉片冷凍轉移到樣品準備室，進行覆膜後移至樣品觀察室觀察並擷取影像。使用設備：冷凍掃描式電子顯微鏡 FEI Quanta 200/Quorum PP2000TR。條件：10kV、1500X、WD 8.9mm、det ETD、spot 3.0。影像取得：透過冷凍掃描式電子顯微鏡取得影像。後製方式：使用photoshop12.1為後製軟體，進行影像的裁切，並將灰階的圖像賦予色彩，提高了明度與彩度的對比以突顯表皮矽質乳突的特殊。

Taken at the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academic Sinica on February 21, 2013. Preliminary processing: Frozen leaves of paddy rice were transferred to the sample preparation room. Once the tectorial membrane was applied, the sample was taken to the observation room and photographed. Equipment: Scanning electron microscope FEI Quanta 200/Quorum PP2000TR. Requirements: 10kV, 1500X, WD8.9mm, det ETD, spot3.0. Photograph acquisition: Cryo-electron microscopy. Image post-processing: The images were cropped and colored, as well as enhanced for brightness and color contrast in Photoshop 12.1 to allow the siliceous papillae to stand out.

性感紅唇

Sexy Red Lips

王文明

啟朱唇，吐蘭芳，白日當空氣自流；穢氣進，清息生，運轉乾坤惠眾生。植物行光合作用時，將空氣中的無機物「二氧化碳」固定下來，合成有機物醣類。在這個過程中會產生「氧」，當作廢氣排出。氣孔是這兩種氣體進出葉片的門戶，由成對的保衛細胞所控制。在電子顯微鏡下，美麗的保衛細胞，正輕啟朱唇，口吐蘭芳！為這生命世界的生息運轉默默奉獻。

The scent of an orchid is released from open red lips. As air flows freely in the daytime, mephitis enters and is purified. When plants go through photosynthesis they convert carbon dioxide in the air into carbohydrates. Oxygen is created during the process and released as waste gas. The air orifice is the leaf blade door for these two gases and is controlled by pairs of stomata or guard cells. Under electron microscope, these attractive stomata or guard cells open their red lips and release the scent of the orchid. They faithfully dedicate themselves to the smooth operation of life.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2002年拍攝、2013年後製。地點：臺南教育大學。使用SEM（掃描式電子顯微鏡）。後製進行亮度與反差調整，並進行部分上色，讓原本黑白的電子顯微鏡照片顯現豐富色彩，藉以凸顯主題。

Taken in 2002 with retouching completed in 2013. Location: National University of Tainan. SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used and the image underwent post-processing to adjust light intensity and contrast. Parts of the photograph were colored to enhance the original black and white image.

神盾

Divine Shield

王文明

植物為了生存無所不用其極！有的在體內產生毒素，讓人食不下嚥；有的壓根子就芒刺畢露，讓人不敢靠近；有些植物含蓄多了，在肉眼難以辨識的表皮層上，披上一層盾牌，用來保護葉片避免被取食；有些則由腺體產生難以忍受的氣味或是毒素；有布滿吃了會拉肚子的蠟質；有些利用物理結構讓取食者腸破肚流…這是胡頹子的星狀表皮毛，它肩負保護的任務，成了胡頹子的「神盾」。

Plants will resort to anything for the sake of survival. Some plants have toxins in their bodies, preventing them from being consumed. Some have thorns and spikes to keep people and animals away. Some have unseen shields protecting the surfaces of the leaves, such as a gland that produces foul smelling odors or toxic gases. Some are wrapped in epicuticular wax that will cause gastric distress. The physical make-up of some is enough to rupture the stomach of consumers. The oleaster (Elaeagnus) plant has hairs, which are its protective shield.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2002年拍攝、2013年後製。地點：臺南教育大學。使用SEM（掃描式電子顯微鏡）。後製進行亮度與反差調整，並進行部分上色，讓原本黑白的電子顯微鏡照片顯現豐富色彩，藉以凸顯主題。

Taken in 2002 with post-processing completed in 2013. Location: National University of Tainan. SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used and the image underwent post-processing to adjust light intensity and contrast. Parts of the photograph were colored to enhance the original black and white image.

莖上的幸運草：石龍尾腺點

Clover on the Stem:

Glandular Dots of Limnophilia sessiifloras

蔡思怡

石龍尾為水生植物，全株布滿如幸運草般的腺點，輕輕碰觸即會破裂而散發出濃烈的香氣，有些聞起來像八角，有些像胡椒，有些則像是紫蘇。本作品主要用於分類研究時，觀察不同石龍尾物種之細部結構差異，而發現腺點在不同石龍尾物種間，具有大小、密度，以及瓣數等差異。

Limnophilia sessiliflora is an aquatic plant covered in clover-like glandular dots. Even a light touch will cause damage and the release of a strong scent. Some smell like star anise, some smell like pepper and some smell like perillas. The main purpose of this work is to observe and classify Limnophilia sessiiflora according to size, density and number of their glandular dots.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

將植物的莖利用序列脫水法，並經臨界點乾燥後，使用真空濺鍍儀將樣本鍍金（SPL Ion shutter），使用掃描式電子顯微鏡（Hitachi TM3000）進行拍攝。材料：石龍尾（Limnophila sp.）枝條。2012年7月28日採集，12月24日拍攝。

The stalks of the plants went through ordering dehydration and critical point drying method. Then, the samples were gold plated using the sputtering system (SPL ion shutter). Images were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi TM3000). Subject: Branch of Limnophila sp. Collected on July 28, 2012 and photographed on December 24, 2012.

百變披毛：斯氏懸鉤子

Diversity of Swinhoe’s Rasberry’s Hair

梁珆碩

植物披毛反映植物對於環境的適應，即使是同株植物當中，不同的部位也會呈現不同的披毛類型。不同類型的披毛常具有不同的功能，例如：腺毛常具有分泌黏液或氣味的功能；絨毛可以保護植物表面，減緩水分散失；刺毛可保護植物免於動物的啃食。懸鉤子屬植物的披毛呈現多樣性的變化，同一種類不同部位就呈現多樣且迷人的披毛形態。本次所展示的斯氏懸鉤子，即可於葉背發現褐色絨毛；花序軸可發現長柔毛與長腺毛；萼片則有白色的絨毛與紅色的腺毛。

The covering of hair on a plant indicates its adaptation to its environment. Various types of hair may exist on different parts of a plant and function differently. For example, glandular hair secretes mucus or scent; villi hair protects surfaces and slows down the loss of moisture; bristles protect the plant from insect attacks. The hairs on Swinhoe’s raspberry (Rubus swinhoe) are of diverse types. In this image of Swinhoe’s raspberry we can see that the villi hair on the back of the leaf is brown; the inflorescence axis has long pubescence and glandular hair; the sepal has white villi and red glandular hairs.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

相機快門1/125，使用f5.6的光圈進行拍攝。植物每個部位均使用微距軌道進行微調，利用軌道進行連續15~20張不等的拍攝，後將同一批照片以疊圖軟體進行疊合處理，以到達最深的景深，並調整畫面對比與亮度。材料：斯氏懸鉤子開花枝條，2013年4月8日採自新北市石碇鄉二格山稜線後，立即攜回研究室進行拍照。相機：Olympus E-3。鏡頭：Rodenstock Rodagon-WA 45mm f4 倒接，搭配Novoflex Automatic Bellows。微距對焦軌道：Novoflex Castal-L。閃燈：Olympus FL-50R + FL-600R雙閃燈以無線觸發方式遙控。

Camera setting: f5.6, 1/125s. Macro rail was used to make adjustments and take 15~20 pictures of the different sections of plants. The photographs were superimposed to achieve depth of field and were adjusted for contrast and brightness. Subject: Blossomed branches of Swinhoe's raspberry were collected from Er Ge Mountain ridge in Shiding District, New Taipei City on April 8, 2013 and immediately brought back to the lab for photography. Camera: Olympus E-3. Camera lens: Rodenstock Rodagon-WA 45mm f4 reversal paired with Novaflex Automatic Bellows. Macro rail: Novoflex Castal-L. Camera lens: Olympus FL-50R + FL-600R remotely triggered wireless double flashes.

惡魔之牙

The Devil’s Tooth

陳亮俊

馬兜鈴有一套複雜的傳粉方式。馬兜鈴的花會放出腐肉氣味，顏色也和腐肉相近。讓喜好腐肉的昆蟲們聞「香」而來，沿著僅能通過的管狀花冠進入花的內部。但花冠內壁長滿了倒生的腺毛，使這條狹窄的通道暫時變成單行道，訪客不得不夜宿於花冠中部膨大的密室中。在雄蕊成熟的花藥爆開之後，這些被囚禁而緊張得團團轉的俘虜便會沾上一身的花粉，這時通道內的腺狀毛會自行萎縮，讓俘虜們帶著花粉離開。

Birthwort (Aristolochia) has a complicated method of pollination. It releases an odor and its color, similar to rotting flesh, entices insects that specifically feed on carrion. They enter the carolla tube to reach the inside of the flower, but since the corolla is equipped with glandular hair growing in an inverse direction, their trip becomes one-way. With no choice, they have to stay in the closed midsection of the corolla. When the pistils mature and the anthers explode, the pollen drapes these nervous captives. The glandular hair then atrophies and the captives are released to carry the pollen.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

馬兜鈴雖然有套複雜的傳粉方式，但似乎不能有效令種群壯大。因此，很多種類的馬兜鈴都是瀕危植物。海邊馬兜鈴( Aristolochia thwaitesi )是香港其中一種瀕危的馬兜鈴，只生長在海邊的樹林中。我嘗試用放大鏡頭探入花冠的內部，以昆蟲的視角去看這種奇異的植物。昆蟲被花的顏色和氣味吸引而慢慢爬進花的內部時，就像被長滿尖齒的惡魔吞噬一般。

Although birthwort has a complicated method of pollination, it hardly contributes to the growth of the plant. Therefore, a lot of birthwort species are listed as endangered. Aristolochia thwaitesi, an endangered species found in Hong Kong, only breeds within the forest of the coastal region. I attempted to place a magnifying glass into the corolla, observing the inside of the flower from the insect's perspective. The aroma and the color attract insects, seducing them to reach farther into the flower. Then, like the trap of a devil’s mouth with serrated teeth, the insect is swallowed up.

致命誘惑

Fatal Attraction

牛洋

分布於熱帶亞洲的錦地羅是最為常見的食蟲植物之一。雖然身形微小，但頗為獨特。透過微距鏡頭，可以觀察到其微小腺毛的精細結構，晶瑩剔透、色彩鮮豔，妖媚的顏色和姿態，似乎是在誘惑附近的獵物。不過，目前還沒有充分研究證據表明，這種鮮豔的腺毛顏色在誘捕昆蟲的過程中發揮了作用。

Drosera burmanii is a common carnivorous plant that inhabits the tropical regions of Asia. Although small in size, it is quite unique. Through a macro lens, one can view the intricate structure of the indumentum. Crystal clear and colorful, its seductive gestures seemingly entice nearby prey. However, there is so far no evidence to suggest that the vivid colors of the indumentum play a function in capturing insects.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年11月攝於老撾南部的一片季節性沼澤附近。使用D80相機及90mm微距鏡頭，放大倍率1:1。

Taken in a seasonal marshland in the southern region of Laos in November 2012 using a D80 camera and a 90mm macro lens with 1:1 magnification.

魔力捕夢網：串鼻龍果序

Magical Dream Catcher: Infructescence of Clematis grata

梁珆碩 林怡均

串鼻龍為毛茛科鐵線蓮屬的植物，本屬的植物都具有聚合的瘦果，一整團如同捕夢網外形的果序其實由一朵花的離生心皮所發育而來，每一枚心皮發育為一枚瘦果，而每一枚瘦果則具有一條長尾狀的構造，尾狀構造上的長毛有助於風力傳播。每當秋風吹起，串鼻龍果序上每一枚瘦果會隨風揚起。

Clematis grata belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, the members of which possess clusters of achenes. These clusters of achenes resemble dream catchers in appearance and are produced from distinct carpels. Each achene develops with a long tail-like structure. The hairs on this tail-like structure aid in wind dispersal. Whenever the wind blows in the autumn months, the achenes of Clematis grata rise upwards and are dispersed.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年11月自野外採集成熟的串鼻龍果序，攜回研究室進行拍照。拍攝條件簡介：相機快門設定1/125，並使用f/5.6的光圈進行拍攝。植物的每個部位均使用微距軌道進行微調，利用軌道進行連續15~20張不等的拍攝，拍攝後將同一批照片以疊圖軟體進行疊合處理，以到達最深的景深，並調整畫面對比與亮度。

This mature Clematis grata was collected from the wild in November 2013, and then taken back to the lab for photographing. Brief description of photography process: Camera shutter set at 1/125 with an f/5.6 aperture. The different sections of the plant were photographed using macro shooting rail which took a continuous round of 15-20 images. After photographing, each set of images was superimposed together until depth of field was achieved. This was followed by adjusting of contrast and brightness.

樹大便是美

Big is Beautiful

邱語婕

樹大便是美，風剪樹就是一個被落山風巧妙雕塑出來的自然奇景，落山風持續地吹襲，強風彷彿一把利剪，剪出了一致向西南方向傾斜剛柔並濟的姿態，顯現出大自然剛強的生命力。樹不單單只有美而存在，其實它相當的重要，樹減少土地侵蝕及調整氣候，樹可以從空氣中吸收二氧化碳，將大量的碳儲存在組織內，樹木和森林也是許多物種的棲息地，可以預防海水快速沖刷海岸，樹還可以固定泥土，防止土石流。當葉進行光合作用時，可以提供氧氣，淨化空氣，這就是大自然的奧妙。

The ferocious mountain winds have cleverly sculpted the trees into a beautiful, natural landscape. The strong winds are like nature's scissors pruning the trees to face in a southwesterly direction. The constant wind force has produced a firm but flexible display of the sheer power of Mother Nature. Trees are not just beautiful, but also play an extremely important role in the ecosystem. Trees can prevent erosion of the soil, adjust the weather pattern, filter out carbon dioxide, release oxygen into the air, and provide a habitat for many living creatures. They can prevent the waves from eroding the shore, stop mudslides and, through photosynthesis, provide oxygen and purify the air. That is the wisdom of nature.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於桃園的古蹟白沙岬中。僅用微單相機從上往下拍出美感，可惜當日的天氣不佳，只有微微的光。用Photoshop軟體中的色彩混和器調成溫暖色系，反映樹有生命的，再加強對比，增加質感。

Taken at Baisha Jia Lighthouse, a historical monument in Taoyuan, in December 2014. A mirrorless camera was used to capture this image by shooting straight down from above. It’s a pity that the light was dim as the weather was not good that day. By using Photoshop’s channel mixer, the photograph was adjusted to a warmer contrast, giving life to the trees, along with additional post-processing of contrast and texture.

環保聖誕樹

Eco-friendly Christmas Tree

李惠永

紅樹林在生態演化上扮演非常重要的角色，時常在河堤邊騎腳踏車的我，卻從來沒有仔細的欣賞過它，直至有一日腳踏車壞了，必須將腳踏車牽著走時，才發現原來紅樹林是這麼的美，馬上將腳踏車留在車行修理，奔回家拿了相機拍了這照片。我將光圈縮小，讓反光呈現星芒狀而創作了這張環保聖誕樹的作品。

Mangroves play a very important role in evolutionary ecology. Although I frequently ride my bicycle along this riverbank, I seldom paid attention to the mangroves along the way. It was only when my bike broke down one day, and with no choice but to walk, that I came to realize how pretty the mangroves actually are. Leaving my bike in a repair shop and sprinting back home to grab my camera, I captured this shot. By narrowing the aperture, the rays of light produced a sparkling effect to create this image of an eco-friendly Christmas tree.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年7月攝於新北市五股。使用Canon5D加70-200mm鏡頭、f/16、1/100秒、ISO-100。以Photoshop軟體轉檔成3648x2736的指定規格。

Taken in Wugu, New Taipei City in July 2012 using a Canon5D with 70-200mm lens, f/16, 1/100 per second, ISO-100. Photoshop was used to adjust the file to 3648 x 2736 pixels.

被遺忘的美

Forgotten Beauty

張智聞

前景美麗的結晶紋路，是培養基（LB Medium）乾掉後的產物；背景是菌的研究畫出來的彩色圖案。通常做實驗我們都是關注在上層的菌而不會特別注意底下的培養基，這次拍攝特意做了明顯的前景後景，用培養基置前、菌擺後方的方式，來強調對比主配角的置換，想不到在昔日主角的襯托之下，培養基大放異彩，在大家眼前展現了前所未見的美！

In the foreground is the crystallized dried product of Luria Bertani (LB) medium while in the colorful background is the test strain. Typically, we tend to pay more attention to the upper-layer test strain than the bottom-layer LB medium. But, this time, I purposely arranged a clear foreground and background. By placing the LB medium in the foreground and the test strain in the background, their roles were reversed and this beautiful, never before seen image was created.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年10月25日攝於桃園銘傳大學。使用Canon powershot sx40 hs進行拍攝。拍攝對象培養基（Luria Bertani Medium）由實驗室提供，在培養皿（Petri dish）內，於室溫中放置到表面跑出紋路，用封口膜（Parafilm）封住以免水分繼續流失。拍攝時用圖片當光源擺置在培養基後方，相機設定M模式（1/160 ISO-3200 f/2.7）MF來完成此張攝影。後製：微調亮度與shadow，壓縮圖片大小。

Taken at Ming Chuan University in Taoyuan on October 25, 2013. Equipment included Canon Powershot sx40 hs. The laboratory provided the Luria Bertani medium. At room temperature, patterns started to form on the surface of the medium within the petri dish. To prevent further loss of moisture, parafilm was used to seal the petri dish. The light source was placed behind the medium and the camera was set to M mode (1/160 ISO-3200 f/2.7) MF to obtain the image. Image post-processing: Adjustment of brightness and shadow followed by compression of the image.

汪洋中的孤島

Lonely Island in the Ocean

王文明

在一片汪洋中有座孤立小島，椰影婆娑，好一幅熱帶風情畫！但這並不是真的海洋與島嶼，而是黏菌與它的子實體。黏菌是生長在落葉、朽木及土壤中的小生命，生活史包含了「營養時期」與「繁殖時期」。在「營養時期」黏菌呈網狀型態，依食物、水與氧氣等養分改變其表面積。當環境變乾燥或是營養缺乏時，會進入「繁殖時期」形成子實體，經減數分裂釋放孢子。這是人工培養成功的黏菌，在培養基上形成子實體產孢子時，留下這張「汪洋中的孤島」。

With the shadows of trees dancing in the breeze, this lonely island in the middle of the ocean brings to mind a tropical scene. In reality, this is not an ocean, nor an island, but rather slime mold and its fruiting bodies. Slime mold is usually found on fallen leaves, rotted wood and within soil. Its life cycle includes the “vegetative stage” and the “reproductive stage”. The slime mold forms into a web shape and depends on food, water, oxygen and nutrients to change its surface area during the “vegetative stage”. When the environment is dry and lacking in nutrients, it will go into “the reproductive stage”, forming fruiting bodies and releasing spores through meiotic division. This artificially cultured slime mold formed an image of a “lonely island in the ocean” as the fruiting bodies produced spores on the culture medium.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2009年攝於彰化縣私立蓋亞自然科學短期補習班實驗室。使用Nikon D80S/60mm Micro/SB-800。後製進行色彩增豔，並將主體背景（人工培養基）調整飽和度與色溫，營造汪洋般的質感，再增強鏡頭攝影產生的光斑。

Taken at the laboratory of Gaia Science Academy, Changhua County in 2009. Equipment included Nikon D80S with 60mm Micro lens and SB-800 flash. The color was brightened and the primary background (artificially cultured media) went through adjustment of saturation and color temperature, creating an ocean-like texture. The bright spots created by the camera were also further enhanced.

黴型。菌落

Mold

楊維晟

空氣中充滿各種黴菌孢子，食物只要稍有保存不慎，黴菌孢子將不客氣地著生，菌落快速擴展地盤。未加任何化學添加物的洛神蜜餞置於冰箱數日，竟長出白色黴菌，圓盤狀的菌絲像是獨立的城堡，一個接一個出現，棉絮般的微小孢子也冒了出來，在洛神蜜餞火紅色的汁液上各自建立聚落。眼看一鍋蜜餞被黴菌占據而毀壞，卻出神望著鍋內火紅色畫布上，白色菌絲與孢子用生命創作，如煙花般的藝術。

The air is full of mold spores. Whenever food is not kept properly, mold spores aggressively invade and multiply. A pot of dried roselle flowers with no artificial preservatives was placed in the refrigerator for several days and white mold began to grow on it. The castle-like round plate-shaped hyphae sprang up one by one, with cotton fiber-like spores joining in, forming clusters on the bright red juice. This pot of preserved roselle flowers was destroyed by the mold, yet it was mesmerizing to watch this firework-like creation on this red canvas.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年底臺東洛神花季結束後，獲得一袋友人致贈的洛神花果萼，熬煮成果醬後經過數日，長出白色黴菌，黴菌外形並不突出，但襯於火紅色的洛神汁上，讓我對黴菌另眼相看。使用Nikon單眼數位相機與60mm微距鏡頭，配上外接閃光燈拍攝，後製稍微增加影像暗處的亮度。

Around the end of 2014, near the end of the roselle flower season, I was given some dried roselle flowers by a friend. The flowers had been made into jam but started to sprout white mold after a few days. The appearance of the mold was quite ordinary; however, due to the bright red flowers as the background, it caught my attention. This image was taken using a Nikon DSLR with 60mm micro lens and an external flash unit. It was then post-processed to correct exposure and brightness.

風紋

Wind Patterns

張智翔

此景看似風吹沙，其實是鮑魚菇（Pleurotus cystidiosus）的蕈褶。蕈類依形態可分為5類：褶菌類（有菌褶）、非褶菌類（無菌褶）、腹菌類（子實層包裹在蕈體內）、膠質菌類（擔子柄分隔）和子囊菌類（孢子生長在子囊內）。鮑魚菇屬褶菌類，蕈褶為產生孢子之地方。此棵鮑魚菇是我自己種出來的，當準備採收時，突然發現它的蕈褶長得很有趣，看似條條風紋，亦如一幅抽象畫。

This wind blown sand image is actually the lamellae of the abalone mushroom (Pleurotus cystidiosus). Mushrooms can be categorized into 5 groups: agaric mushroom (with lamellae), non-agaric mushroom (without lamellae), gasteroid fungi (hymenium within the fruit body), jelly mushroom (septate basidia), and ascus mushroom (spores contained in ascus). The abalone mushroom belongs to the agaric type with spores produced in the lamellae. While harvesting my homegrown mushrooms, I was fascinated by the wind-like patterns of the lamellae, which created an image akin to an abstract painting.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年11月30日攝於自宅，使用設備為數位相機。

Taken at home on November 30, 2012, using a digital camera.

黏菌雪森林

Mycetoza Snowy Woods

魏佳玲

這是一個爭奪地盤的節奏，地主「真菌」在這棵腐朽木頭已占領數月之久。某天，局勢出現變化，一種不是動物也不是植物的「黏菌」，正悄悄的入侵宿主的身體，大夥吸吮著牠體內一點一滴的精華，將牠榨乾致死，並在宿主身上長出象徵勝利的「雪之樹」，雪之森林因而形成，也宣告戰役已經結束。

This is a turf war. Dry rot fungi has occupied this space for months, however, a change is happening. Mycetoza, which are neither animal nor plant, have secretly entered the bodies of the hosts and are slowly sucking the essence out of them. With each snowy tree a sign of victory, a forest of snowy trees has formed to announce the end of the war.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年7月攝於臺東達仁林場。在走道旁發現一根腐木，遠觀像一團發黴，近看原來是鵝絨黏菌屬成員寄生在圓盤菌科成員上。黏菌在生活史早期像動物，四處遊走、覓食，但後期成熟後便靜止，長出子實體並釋放孢子，繁衍下一代，而真菌是靠菌絲獲得養分，分解木頭裡的纖維素、木質素，或者土壤中的有機質。使用Panasonic的GF1、Canon FD 50mm f/1.8 老鏡頭、自然光。由於老鏡發色清淡，後製使用SILKYPIX軟體拉強對比。

Taken at Daren Experimental Forest Station in Taitung in July 2013. While on a walkway, I came across a piece of rotted wood. From a distance, I saw what looked like a clump of mold, but when I got closer, I discovered that it was actually Ceratiomyxa on the body of its host Orbiliceae. It resembles an animal during its early stages of life, moving slowly, but freely, and feeding. But, as it matures, it becomes static and releases spores to foster the next generation. The fungus absorbs nutrients through hyphae, which decompose the cellulose and lignin within the wood or the organic matter within the soil. This image was captured using a Panasonic GF1, Canon FD with 50mm f/1.8 lens, natural lighting. Contrast was strengthened using SILKYPIX software due to the light color created by the lens.

竹林裡的精靈（螢光蕈）

Spirits of the Bamboo Forest ( Bioluminescent Fungi )

陳裕隆

發光小菇「螢光蕈」，是臺灣少見的夜間發光真菌之一。北美洲居民稱呼這些發光蕈菇為「狐火」、「鬼火」，日本則稱為「夜光茸」，在臺灣有「夜精靈」之稱。多雨季節的夜晚，螢光蕈的淡淡綠色光芒，有如綠色小燈。螢光蕈極挑剔生長環境，污染及人為干擾多的地方很難見到，近年來乃被當成環境優劣的指標生物。螢光蕈「出菇」後約可存活三天，第一天最亮，隨著時間遞減，且只剩蕈傘會發光。白天將螢光蕈移入暗室並不會發光，只有夜晚會發光，其發光機制尚未有明確結論！

Bioluminescent fungi Mycena chlorophos are one of the rare nighttime luminescent fungi in Taiwan. They are called “Fox fire” or “Will-o’-the-wisp” in North America, “Kitsunebi” in Japan and “Spirit of the night” in Taiwan. In the evenings during the rainy season, the dim green light emitted from the fungi makes them look like little green lamps. They are difficult to find as they avoid contaminated environments and environments in which there has been human interference. In recent years, they have been considered an indicator of environmental quality. Once the fungi bear fruit, they live for only three days. They glow the brightest on the first day, but as time passes, only the cap of the fungus glows. If taken into a dark room during the day, it will not illuminate, doing so only at night. This is a phenomenon that continues to baffle scientists.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年4月攝於潭子後山。使用Sony SLT-A77V、46”、f/8.0、閃光燈ISO-200、鏡頭焦距180.0 mm。由於螢光蕈發出的螢光光度微弱，需要採取長時間曝光，相機要架上腳架使用快門線，閃燈開後簾同步先讓綠色螢光獲得足夠曝光，之後閃燈微弱補光讓竹子及背景受光。

Taken in the mountains of Tanzi in April 2013,using a SONY SLT-A77V, 46sec, f/8.0, flash ISO-200, focal distance 180.0mm. Since the fluorescent light projected from the bioluminescent fungi is rather weak, long-term exposure is required to capture the image. The camera needs to be connected to a cable release and placed on a tripod. Once the flash is on, the green luminescence needs sufficient exposure. The flash will then slightly compensate for the lack of light to highlight the bamboo and the background.

昆蟲與蜘蛛

Insects and Spiders

哈囉

Hello!

吳昶甫

這是危害地瓜葉的大黑星龜金花蟲的一生。以地瓜葉為背景，突顯幼蟲的新生，蛹期的沈寂，和成熟的成蟲。成蟲舉起右前足，彷彿在告訴著大家：「嘿！你好，我來啦！」

大黑星龜金花蟲的幼蟲及成蟲皆具黃底黑斑紋的體色，是顯眼的警戒色，表示：我可不好惹！幼蟲腹部末端的兩個肉刺向上舉，可以固定蛻下的皮作為隱蔽用。蛹具有成蟲外觀，照片右側的前胸背板已有清楚輪廓，羽化後成為覆蓋頭部的透明板片。成蟲腳部末端幾節具有黏毛，能在光滑的葉子上暢行無阻。

This spotted tortoise beetle (Aspidomorpha miliaris) harms sweet potato leaves. With sweet potato leaves serving as the background, these three images show the larva, pupa and mature adult. The adult has raised its right front leg almost as if saying; “ Hello everyone, here I come!”

The larva and adult are both yellow with black spots. These are obvious warning colors indicating that, “You had better stay away from me.” Along the larva’s lower abdomen are two fleshy spikes that are bent upwards to hold the cast skin and serve as camouflage. The pupa has an adult appearance. The image on the right shows the clear outline of the pronotum. Once it goes through transformation, it will become a transparent plate for the head covering. There are adhesive hairs along the lower sections of the adults' tarsi. These enable them to move across slippery leaves without difficulty.

第一屆

優選

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年11月13日、12月3日攝於苗栗縣大湖鄉。使用設備：Nikon D800 60mm f/2.8D SB900*2。影像取得及後製方式：以D800拍攝，使用機頂閃光觸發兩支SB900打光，以Lightroom增加銳利度、對比、飽和度，並將背景調亮突顯主題。

Photographed in Dahu Township, Miaoli County on November 13 and December 3, 2012. Equipment used: Nikon D800 with 60mm f/2.8D lens and two SB900 flashes. Lightroom was used to adjust sharpness, contrast and saturation, as well as to brighten the background to allow the subject to stand out.

手工雕葉

Sculpted Leaves

李鍾旻

是誰把葉子變成了鏤空的藝術品？原來是「長角長頸金花蟲」幼蟲的傑作。長角長頸金花蟲專門以菝葜屬植物為食，其早齡幼蟲有群聚的習性，牠們取食葉片時，往往將葉肉吃掉而留下較硬的葉脈。這株臺灣土茯苓的葉子，被一群幼蟲咬過後，就成了這副模樣。

Who has carved holes into these leaves, making them into art works? The answer is the larvae of Lilioceris nigropectoralis, which mainly feed on Smilax plants. These larvae are gregarious. They will eat the leaves but not the hard stems. This is what is left of Smilax lanceifolia after being devoured by the larvae.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年12月攝於陽明山魚路古道。圖1~2使用Pentax K-30、DFA Macro 100 mm f/2.8 WR鏡頭、AF 360 FGZ閃光燈，以RAW格式檔案輸出，經調整亮度與彩度後轉存jpg格式。圖1焦距100mm、f/7.1、ISO-100、1/60秒。圖2焦距100mm、f/8，ISO-100、1/60秒；圖3焦距90 mm，光圈f/18，ISO感光數值100，曝光時間1/160秒。圖3使用Pentax K-5 II、Tamron SP AF 90mm f/2.8 Di Macro鏡頭、AF 540 FGZ閃光燈；以jpg格式檔案直接輸出，僅作裁切及修除雜點。

Taken along the Yulu Historic Trail on Yangming Mountain in December 2014. Images 1 and 2 were taken with Pentax K-30, DFA Macro 100 mm f/2.8 WR lens, AF 360 FGZ flash, and save as RAW file. Then, they were converted to jpg files after adjusting for brightness and chromaticity. Image 1: focal distance 100mm, f/7.1, ISO-100, 1/60 per second. Image 2: focal distance 100mm, f/8, ISO-100, 1/60 per second. Image 3: Focal distance 90mm, f/18, ISO 100, 1/160 per second. Image 3 was taken with Pentax K-5 II, Tamron SP AF 90mm f/2.8 Di Marco lens, AF 540 FGZ flash and saved as jpg file after cropping and removal of unwanted spots.

大學就讀植物醫學系，有許多田間實習課程。看著自己種的玉米漸漸成長茁壯，蜜蜂在玉米花叢中忙碌，就有一股幸福感。玉米是風媒花，花粉較不具黏性，經蜜蜂碰觸便如雪花飄落。玉米不需依賴蜜蜂便能授粉，而沾在蜜蜂身上的花粉，還是可收集成團，成為蜜蜂的食物。

During my time at university, my Plant Medicine major gave me many opportunities for field trips. I felt blessed to see bees working busily among the corn that I had planted. Corn is wind pollinated and its pollen is not sticky. When in contact with bees, the pollen flutters away freely like the petals of flowers. Although corn does not rely on bees for pollination, pollen that is attached to the bees can still be collected and used as food.

利人利己

Mutually Beneficial Relationship

劉人豪 周琳晨

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年4月17日9：54攝於屏科大農園系實習農場。後製：裁切（Windows7內建）。Nikon D7000 + 105mm micro + Nissin Di622（+6）〈光觸發〉、 f/9、快門1/1000、ISO-800、WB：4600K。

Taken at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Plant Industry, National Pintung University of Science and Technology on April 17, 2013 at 9:54. Image post-production: cropping. Shot with Nikon D7000 with 105mm micro+Nissin Di622 (+6) <flash triggered>f/9, 1/1000s, ISO-800, WB: 4600K.

黃長腳蜂之回憶

Recollection of the Polistes (Gyrostoma)

rothneyi gressitti Wasp

廖培智

住家陽臺發現黃長腳蜂的蜂窩，能在市區近距離觀察實屬難得，極力說服家人與牠們和平共處。在蜂群同年11月離巢之前，黃長腳蜂歷經颱風摧毀蜂巢，原址重建與交配繁殖、育幼的過程。目睹雌蜂不畏風雨努力支撐家園，儘管蜂巢不幸被強風吹走，仍在原址重建，完成養育新生代蜂群的使命。生命的堅忍由此可見，很榮幸能參與黃長腳蜂一季精彩的生命禮讚。

I found this nest of Polistes (Gyrostoma) rothneyi gressitti wasps on the balcony of my residence and thought how lucky I was to be so up and close to it in the middle of a city. I convinced my family to co-exist with it. Before the wasps flew away in November, they experienced the destruction of their nest by typhoons, reconstructing it numerous times, and mated and fostered their young. I witnessed them withstanding the pounding rain and having their nest blown away, yet they continued to persevere and rebuild that nest, completing the task of fostering the next generation. I was fortunate enough to witness the glorious life cycle of these wasps.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年7月28日起到同年11月1日，蜂群離巢期間拍攝上千張紀錄照。地點為臺中市南屯區的12樓陽臺花園。使用Nikon單眼數位相機與閃燈在空餘時間拍攝，利用Lightroom軟體編修照片亮度對比與適當裁切。

圖1.颱風侵襲：2012年8月1日蘇拉颱風摧毀蜂巢，后蜂仍堅守原地。后蜂後肢上方突出短枝為蜂巢遺跡。圖2.后蜂重建家園：將植物纖維與唾液混合的紙漿以拉坏方式建造蜂室。圖3.雙蜂之愛：后蜂與後來加入的另一隻雌蜂守護蜂巢，正好看似愛心形狀，呼應蜂群對育幼無私照顧的天性。

Over 1,000 images were obtained between July 28 and November 1, 2012 in Nantun District, Taichung on the 12th floor balcony garden during my spare time. Equipment included Nikon DSLR and flash. Lightroom was used for the adjustment of brightness and contrast and for cropping.

Image 1: Typhoon attack: Typhoon Saola pounded and destroyed the wasp’s nest on August 1, 2012, yet the queen female wasp stayed firmly. The protruding short branch above the hind legs of the female wasp shows remnants of the nest. Image 2: Rebuilding: The nest was rebuilt using a combination of plant fiber and saliva infused paper. Image 3: Affection between wasps: The queen and a subordinate female guarding the nest formed a heart shape, symbolizing their caring nature towards their young.

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3

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失去與獲得

Win Some, Lose Some

劉人豪 周琳晨

胡蜂將龜殼花的肌肉咬下，做成容易攜帶或是容易利用的肉球，快速的振動翅膀，準備帶回巢中哺育幼蟲。一個生命的消失，通常伴隨著傷心與惋惜；但是在大自然中，生命的意義就是一種能量的循環，一個生命的消失，也就是另一個生命的開始。因此，我將這張照片刻意抓「一方生命的消失與另一方獲得生命」的強烈對比角度，來呈現自然界中「生命是一種能量的循環」的感覺。

A wasp takes a chunk out of the muscle tissue of a brown spotted pit viper and makes it into a usable and portable meatball to take home and feed larvae. The loss of life is usually met with grief and sadness, but in nature life is the circulation of energy. One life lost is the beginning of another. Therefore, I purposely captured the strong contrast between “the loss of one life and the beginning of another” to express the concept of “life as the circulation of energy” in the natural world.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月攝於臺東縣太麻里的依麻林道12K路邊。首次騎機車到東部探路，跟著原住民的指示到達依麻林道，在路邊發現一條龜殼花屍體，就依照慣例下車，想撿到路邊去安置，結果一提起龜殼花，突然「嗡嗡聲大響」，於是就開始觀察並拍攝照片。　　

使用相機Nikon D7000、105mm、f/2.8微距鏡，利用Phottix外接閃光燈補光以手動對焦拍攝。f/16、1/320、ISO-500、白平衡4170K、閃光燈強度1/1。單張拍攝6張後挑出一張。以Photoshop清晰度+10整體亮度+12。

Taken at the 12K marker along the Ima Forest Trail in Taimali, Taitung County in July 2014. After getting directions from the local indigenous residents, I made my way to the Ima Forest Trail. As I did so, I ventured upon the corpse of a brown spotted pit viper. My instincts led me to hop off my motorcycle and attempt to move the corpse to the side of the road. But, as I lifted it up, there were suddenly loud buzzing noises. So, I started to observe and photograph this scene.

A Nikon D7000, 105mm, f/2.8 macro lens was used. Externally connected Phottix flash was used for lighting enhancement and the focus was manually adjusted with settings f/16, 1/320, ISO-500, white balance 4170K. Flash intensity 1/1. I picked out one of the six shots. Image retouching: clarity +10 and brightening of the overall area +12 with Photoshop.

泥壺蜂太空船

The Space Capsule of the Phimenes flavopictus Wasp

余慧盈

泥壺蜂媽媽開始忙進忙出，一下找水一下找泥的，因為她要建造泥巢給她的寶寶們住。泥巢中有許多隔間，每個隔間都住著一隻未成熟的泥壺蜂（從剖面還看得出右至左的長幼的順序）。泥壺蜂媽媽建造的泥巢就像是一艘太空船，載著小泥壺蜂們開往未來。

泥壺蜂媽媽會去捕捉毛毛蟲，用毒針麻痺後帶回巢室供幼蟲食用。幼蟲吃喝拉撒都在泥巢裡，羽化後才離開。泥壺蜂的蛹具有成蟲外型，稱為裸蛹，其顏色隨著蛹期逐漸成熟而轉黑，最後羽化為成蟲。

The mother potter wasp is busily flying back and forth to fetch water and mud for constructing a nest for her larvae. The nest has many “cells” and each houses a single immature wasp. On cross-section, one can see that they are ordered from right to left and from oldest to youngest. The constructed nest is just like a space capsule, taking its passengers into the future.

The mother potter wasp hunts a caterpillar, immobilizes it, and brings it back to the nest for a larva to feed on. Larval feeding and excretion all happen in the nest and the larvae only depart after eclosion. The pupae appear similar in appearance to adults. As they mature, they gradually turn black and in the final stage eclose into adults.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

圖1.2009年10月27日攝於中山大學，使用Nikon D80+ 105mm微距鏡 + 三個離機閃光燈 + 機頂閃光燈，以軟體加對比及調亮度以及抹除雜點。圖2、3. 2009年11月16日攝於中山大學，使用Sigma 105mm微距鏡 +離機閃光燈 + 機頂閃光燈，以ACDSee及Photoshop Elements軟體加對比調亮度以及抹除雜點。

Image 1: Taken at National Sun Yat Sen University on October 27, 2009. Equipment included Nikon D80+105mm macro lens + three off-camera flash units + camera topped flash. Retouching was done for light intensity and erasing of splotches. Images 2 and 3: Taken at National Sun Yat Sen University on November 16, 2009. Equipment included Sigma 105mm macro lens + off-camera flash unit + camera topped flash. Post-processing was done in ACDSee and Photoshop Elements to increase contrast, adjust light intensity and remove splotches.

放大後的驚喜

Zoom-in Surprise

林至鴻

粉紅色部分是猿尾藤上鸞褐弄蝶的卵，約2~3毫米。觀察時發現鸞褐弄蝶的卵旁有顆咖啡色異物，原本以為是髒東西，但用相機放大後發現是一隻更小的昆蟲，應是某種卵寄生蜂疑似正在產卵，五臟俱全的麻雀已經不是什麼稀奇的事情，連比弄蝶卵還小的昆蟲都出現在我們生活周遭。

Measuring 2-3mm, this pink egg resting on the leaf of the Bengal hiptage (Hiptage benghalensis) belongs to the orange-striped awl (Burara jaina formosana). What I originally thought was brown dirt next to the egg turned out to be a small insect when I zoomed in. It must be some kind of parasitoid wasp depositing its egg. It is nothing extraordinary. Insects that are smaller than a butterfly egg are all around us.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年4月攝於臺北市立三民國中。使用Olympus TG-2相機拍攝。

Taken at Taipei Sanmin Junior High School in April 2014 using an Olympus TG-2 camera.

生命中的逗號

The Pause in Life

錢昕

花鳳蝶幼蟲蛻皮時卸下的頭殼是幼蟲成長的紀錄。每蛻一次頭殼，頭就長大一次，頭蛻不會被「回收」食用，留下作為成長的見證。幼蟲蛻皮前約有一天時間不吃不動，等待新的外骨骼形成。這期間頭殼會先分離，但仍留在位置上。蛻皮時身體有規律地收縮，將舊皮推向尾端。牠們共蛻皮5次，最後一次是化蛹。蛻皮是為了繼續成長必經的停頓，是生命中的逗號，各期的頭殼連結為成長的軌跡。

During the molting process, the larva of the Papilio demoleus butterfly leaves behind a head capsule as evidence of growth. Once the larva molts, its head becomes a little bigger and the head capsule is discarded without being consumed. In waiting for the development of its exoskeleton, the larva becomes motionless while fasting for a whole day. During this period of time, the head capsule loosens but remains intact. Through regular contractions, the capsule is pushed downwards. The larva molts five times before pupation. Molting is the pause needed for the continuation of growth and the shed head capsules indicate the path of development.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年8月於家中陽臺的柚子植株上，發現花鳳蝶的一齡幼蟲並開始觀察，過程中收集各次蛻皮所蛻下的頭殼。化蛹產生的頭殼（最大那顆）原本與胸、腹部蛻皮相連，為比較頭殼大小，拍攝前將頭殼以外部分切除。2014年9月以Nikon Df相機拍攝，幼蟲頭殼置於白色背景上，f/57、1/60、ISO-1600，閃光燈置於畫面下方。後製調整亮度及對比。感謝彭大慶老師提供攝影器材並指導操作。

In August 2014, I found a larva of the Papilio demoleus butterfly on the pomelo plant on my balcony. I collected the different head capsules whenever the larva molted. The head capsule was originally connected to the rest of the exoskeleton. This image was taken in September 2014 using a Nikon Df camera. The head capsules were laid on a white background, f/57, 1/60, ISO-1600, with flash placed beneath. Final post-production was adjusted for brightness and contrast. I would like to thank Peng Daqing, a photography teacher, for providing me with equipment and instruction.

優選

第二屆

青少年組

共進午餐

Shared Lunch

林至鴻

毛毛蟲把葉芽咬開，螞蟻在一旁吃咬開後流出的汁液，而沒有捕食毛毛蟲，形成毛毛蟲與螞蟻彷彿在小圓桌上一起吃飯的有趣畫面。螞蟻除了不會傷害蚜蟲、小灰蝶幼蟲，提供食物給螞蟻的小蟲外，也不會攻擊幫助牠們取食植物汁液的昆蟲。

This rather unusual scene captures a caterpillar and ants harmoniously sharing a meal on a small round table. The caterpillar takes a chunk out of the leaf bud while the ants sip the juices from it. Ants, in general, will not attack aphids, or the larvae of the lycaenid butterfly, which provide them with food and help them to obtain plant juices.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年2月攝於內湖大溝溪。使用Olympus TG-2相機拍攝。

Taken at Dagouxi, Neihu in February 2014 using an Olympus TG-2 camera.

優選

破蛋時刻

Hatching Time

李鍾旻

白鐮紋蛺蝶（Polygonia c-aureum asakurai）的卵，從原本的翠綠轉為黑色，意味孵化時刻即將來臨。卵殼開始有了動靜，幼蟲在頂端處咬出一個洞，並沿著洞的邊緣持續啃咬，直到洞口擴大足以將身軀抽出。接著，幼蟲探出頭、爬出殼，開始新生命的冒險。白鐮紋蛺蝶為臺灣特有亞種，分布於中高海拔地區，產卵於阿里山榆之葉緣，卵直徑約0.8公釐。幼蟲孵化後通常不會將卵殼啃食殆盡，因而葉子表面留有許多如玻璃杯般的空卵殼。

When the eggs of the Polygonia c-aureum asakurai butterfly change color from emerald to black, it means that they are ready to hatch. The eggs start to show signs of movement. The larva bites a hole in the tip of the shell, then chews around the hole until it is large enough for it to squeeze through. Next, the larva sticks its head out, crawls out of the shell and begins its adventure. Polygonia c-aureum asakurai is an endemic species in Taiwan. It inhabits mid to high altitude areas and lays its eggs on the leaves of Alishan elms (in the shrublands of the Alishan Mountain Range) with each egg measuring 0.8mm. When the larvae hatch, they do not consume their eggshells, leaving many empty glass-like eggshells on the surfaces of leaves.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

6幅照片拼貼為一幅以完整呈現事件各階段。背景經融合柔化與微調亮度。順序大略依順時鐘方向，由畫面左上始至偏左下止。由中橫公路採集物種後於室內觀察及拍攝。卵原為翠綠色，約2014年7月7日下午9時轉為黑色，7月8日上午7時開始孵化，上午11時脫離卵殼。卵顏色轉為黑色，約經過10小時後才開始孵化。自卵開始孵化至幼蟲完全脫離卵殼，過程總計約4個小時。使用相機型號為Pentax K-5 II，搭配 DFA Macro 100 mm f/2.8 WR鏡頭、AF 540 FGZ閃光燈、RAYNOX MSN-200近攝鏡。100mm、f/29、ISO-100~200、1/160秒。

Six images were pasted together to create an overview of the whole process. The background was processed by softening and tuning of light intensity. The images were formatted in a clockwise direction, from top left to bottom left. Images were taken indoors after gathering specimens from the Central Cross-island Highway. The eggs were originally an emerald color and gradually changed to black at around 9 pm on July 7, 2014. At 7 am on July 8, 2014, the eggs started to hatch. Once the larvae left their shells at 11 am, the shells turned black. It took 10 hours for the eggs to hatch and another about 4 hours for the larvae to leave the shells. Equipment included Pentax K-5 II with DFA Macro 100mm f/2.8 WR lens, AF 540 FGZ flash, RAYNOX MSN-200 close up lens. Settings included 100mm, f/29, ISO-100~200, 1/160 per second.

羽化瞬間：臺灣單帶蛺蝶

The Moment of Eclosion:

Athyma cama zoroastes Butterfly

李鍾旻

細葉饅頭果的枝幹上，一隻臺灣單帶蛺蝶（Athyma cama zoroastes）正準備進行生命中的最後一次蛻皮─羽化。耐心等待這難得的過程，依逆時鐘方向連續呈現。羽化前，褐色帶有金屬光澤的蛹逐漸轉為深色，一段時間後，蛹殼的頭至胸部間位置裂開，成蟲將身軀抽出，攀附於蛹殼下伸展翅膀。待身體定型，成蟲便將展翅飛行。

An Athyma cama zoroastes butterfly on the limb of a Glochidian rubrum tree was ready for its final transformation. I followed the hands of time and waited patiently for the special moment. Before eclosing, the pupal case was brown with a tinge of gold but slowly turned a darker shade. After a period of time, the case split from head to thorax and an adult emerged expanding its wings. As the body hardened, the adult became ready to take flight.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

為完整呈現事件各階段，作品由7幅照片拼貼為一幅，原單幅照片間背景經融和柔化，部分影像並經微調亮度。影像拍攝時間為2013年2月5日9時， 以及2月9日12~14時。拍攝地點位於新北市。使用相機型號為Pentax K-x，搭配Pentax DFA Macro 100 mm F2.8 WR鏡頭、Pentax AF 360 FGZ閃光燈。焦距100 mm，光圈F5~10，ISO感光數值100~1600，曝光時間1/100~1/60秒。

Seven images were pieced together into one image. The background of each photograph went through fusion and softening and parts of the image were adjusted for light intensity. Photography was done at 9 am on February 5 and 12~2 pm on February 9, 2013 in New Taipei City. Equipment included Pentax K-x camera plus Pentax DFA Macro 100mm F2.8 WR lens, Pentax AF 360 FGZ flash, with a focal distance of 100mm, aperture set at F5~10, ISO light intensity numeric 100~1600 and exposure time 1/100~1/60 per second.

鱗粉上的小彩虹

Butterfly Iridescence

林至鴻

在登山健行的途中，意外看到這隻小灰蝶，似白波紋小灰蝶又像琉璃波紋小灰蝶，翅膀原本是黑褐、青藍或藍紫色，但從這個角度，可看到光線在鱗粉上折射產生彩虹般的顏色。平時不容易見到這類小灰蝶展翅，尤其這般特殊的顏色。

This little lycaenid butterfly was seen while out hiking one day. It resembles the common cerulean (Jamides celeno) and also the dark cerulean (Jamides brochus). The color of its wings was originally brownish black, cerulean or indigo, but from this angle the refraction of light has created a iridescent effect. One usually does not witness this particular species extending its wings and definitely not of this color.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月攝於大崙頭山的步道上，使用Olympus TG-2相機拍攝。

Taken on the path to Daluntou Mountain in July 2014 using an Olympus TG-2 camera.

標放希望

Releasing Hope

林至鴻

研究蝴蝶遷徙會在蝴蝶身上作記號，臺灣曾發現日本標放過的青斑蝶，在日本也發現過臺灣標放的青斑蝶。從這隻青斑蝶身上的文字，看出曾被研究人員標放過，詢問陽明山蝴蝶季工作人員，推測是臺灣大學前一陣子標放的。

Researchers track migratory butterflies by making marks on their wings. There have been cases of Chestnut Tiger butterflies (Parantica sita niphonica) recorded in Taiwan. From this tagged sample, one can see that this was a recorded and released specimen. By inquiring of the staff at Yangmingshan during the butterfly season, it was thought that this butterfly was released by researchers at National Taiwan University a while ago.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年6月攝於二子坪附近。使用Olympus E-PL2相機加上40~150mm的鏡頭拍攝。

Taken around the area of Erziping in June 2013, using an Olympus E-PL2 camera plus 40~150mm lens.

沒買機票的背包客

Savvy Backpacker

李惠永

為協助師範大學徐堉峰教授調查，經臺北市立大學陳建志教授協助，證實這隻大絹斑蝶是本間重行先生，在平井博先生的協助下，於2014年9月4日在日本群馬縣嬬恋村万座滑雪場（海拔高度1750公尺左右）所標記的蝴蝶。該地點與蘭嶼的直線距離為2339公里，這隻蝴蝶花了二個多月的時間從日本飛到蘭嶼自助旅行，連機票都省了，比背包客還要厲害！

Assisted by Professor Chien-chih Chen from the University of Taipei and Professor Yu-feng Hsu from National Taiwan Normal University I confirmed that this Paranita sita butterfly is the same one that Honma Shigeyuki and Hirai Hiroshi recorded on September 4, 2014 at the Tsumagoimura Manza ski resort (1750m) in Gunma Prefecture. This butterfly spent two months migrating a distance of 2339 km from Japan to Orchid Island. It is a savvy backpacker that knows how to travel for free.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年11月攝於蘭嶼野銀部落。使用Canon7D機身加上24-105mm鏡頭，f/6.3、1/60秒、ISO-640。在Photoshop軟體轉檔成3648x2736的指定規格。

Taken in the village of Ivalino (Yieyin), Orchid Island in November 2014 using a Canon7D with a 24-105mm lens, f/6.3, 1/60 per second, ISO-640. Photoshop was used to adjust the file to 3648x2736 pixels as required.

枯葉蝶的複眼

Dead-leaf Butterfly’s Compound Eyes

鄭焜龍

蝴蝶有一對半球狀的複眼，而每個複眼由12000-17000個小眼所構成。複眼的視角廣，對移動的物體極為敏感，但不像人眼可以轉動。如果近看，可以看到複眼裏頭有許多如人眼瞳孔的小黑點，而且從不同的角度觀察，複眼似乎都盯著你看。這些小黑點的科學名稱是偽瞳孔。每個偽瞳孔實際上是光影透過前端幾個小眼抵達視桿時被吸收所構成，周邊的偽瞳孔則是周邊小眼後端的視桿吸收光影的結果。跟人眼的瞳孔運作不同，偽瞳孔是單眼被動接收光影後的現象，並不是真正的結構，也不會移動。圓形的偽瞳孔表示枯葉蝶複眼的垂直和水平視野的解析度差不多。

Butterflies have a pair of spherical compound eyes, each comprised of 12000 to 17000 ommatidia. Their eyes have wide viewing angle and are sensitive to moving objects, but cannot move like human eyes do. When looking closely, one will see many dark spots in the compound eyes. It seems that the spots move across the compound eyes when you look at them from different angles. Those spots are scientifically termed pseudopupils. Each spot represents a given rhabdom absorbing light through several ommatidia. Unlike pupils of human eyes, pseudopupils are a phenomenon but not a structure. They function in a passive way and do not move at all. The round shape of pseudopupils means the Dead-leaf Butterfly (Kallima inachus) has a subequal resolution in both vertical and horizontal planes.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年9月攝於埔里。拍蝴蝶已好多年了，對「枯葉蝶」特別鍾愛，因為每一隻翅膀紋路不一樣，所以用心研究牠，發現枯葉蝶喜歡停在高處監視下面的動靜。

Taken in Puli in September 2014. I have been photographing butterflies for many years, but I especially enjoy photographing Kalliaminachus boisduval because the wing patterns differ on each butterfly. Upon observation, I found that they enjoy resting on higher ground looking down at their environment.

危機四伏

Danger Lies Below

黃印通 林淑英

蝶類一生極為短暫，為了繁衍後代，常羽化後不久即交尾。當蝶類進行交尾時，同時也是防備最弱的時刻，因在過程中雄蝶尾端的把握器會緊抓著雌蝶的尾部，即使受到驚擾或危險，雄蝶的把握器也不鬆開。圖中正在交尾的沖繩小灰蝶，冷不防被花上的蜘蛛獵食，還有另一隻蜘蛛躲在花後伺機而動，雄蝶頭部已被吞食，但雄蝶尾端的把握器還抓住雌蝶，使雌蝶難以脫逃。

As butterflies are short lived, they mate not long after transformation in order to ensure reproduction. However, their ability to defend themselves against predators is at its lowest during mating. As the clasper at the tail end of the male is positioned tightly on the tail of the female, it will not let go even when under attack. This male Zizeeria maha has fallen victim to one hungry spider with another spider lurking behind the petals, ready to strike. The male’s head has been devoured and there is virtually no room for the female to escape.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2009年7月攝於雲林縣古坑鄉華山村。使用Nikon D80單眼相機加微距鏡。

Taken in Huashan Village, Gukeng, Yunlin County in July 2009 using a Nikon D80 DSLR with macro lens.

生命的橋梁

The Bridge of Life

吳士緯

外生殖器為動物交配過程中連結異性以傳遞遺傳物質的構造，亦是系統分類與演化學中對物種分類階層判定以及評估其親緣關係的重要依據。蛾類雄蟲外生殖器具有許多複雜的骨化區，包含用以固定雌蟲而有如雙夾的抱器與可伸入雌蟲交尾囊的陽莖。因整體結構微小，經歷百年來科學家以手繪與顯微鏡翻拍等慣行方式呈現。此作品突破過去的設限，將此延續生命的橋梁以長景深與極具立體感的形式，表現出科學攝影的求真與自然美學的純粹。

External genitalia, the mating structures used to connect the opposite sexes and transmit genetic material, play an important part in evaluating and determining the genetic relationships in taxonomy and evolution. The external genatalia of the male moth is equipped with complicated sclerotized areas, including lateral claspers used to cling onto its mate, as well as an aedaegus that extends into the female’s bursa copulatrix. Due to the small size of the structures, scientists for the past 100 years have been using illustration and microscopic conversion photography to depict the mating process. This time I thought outside of the box and used long depth of field and 3D technique to capture the continuation of life. This work illustrates the search among scientific photographers for authenticity and natural beauty.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2011年8月14日攝於林業試驗所昆蟲標本館。雄蟲生殖器玻片：灰曇夜蛾拍攝；設備：數位單眼相機Canon 5D Mark II，鏡頭 EP-65，微距閃燈MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite，翻拍架Kaiser RS10翻拍架，白色卡紙；條件：手動對焦、3X 攝影倍率、快門1/200s、光圈 14、AWB自動白平衡、閃燈手動出光設定1/16、RAW檔拍攝；以RAW檔調整色階、清除玻片影像中微細雜點、銳利化、加入1mm比例尺線段標示，儲存為終端檔案。

Taken at the Insectarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute on August 14, 2011. Male insect’s genitalia on glass slide: (Mniotype aulombardi Plante, 1994). Equipment: Canon 5D Mark II DSLR with EP-65, lens flash MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite, Kaiser RS10 camera stand, white posterboard. Requirements: Manual focus, 3X image magnification, shutter 1/200s, f/14, AWB automatic white balance, hand controlled flash set at 1/16, RAW setting: RAW was used to adjust color levels, remove unwanted specks on the glass slide, and sharpen image. After including a 1mm scale, images were saved as the final version.

尺蛾尿尿

Geometer Moth Urinating

陳裕隆

蛾類吸水的目的跟蝴蝶一樣，主要是要吸取水中的礦物質。夜裡山上水邊常見牠們在吸水，一面吸一面排。在手電筒燈光下可以見到尾部每隔幾秒就噴出一道水柱，其實噴出來的並不是水柱而是一顆一顆水珠，由於速度相當快，人眼看起來就像水柱一般。藉由閃光燈的高速瞬間閃光，得以把高速的水珠凝結在相機感光元件上，才可以看清楚原來蛾類吸水排出的是一串一串的水珠。

Moths share the same purpose with butterflies when it comes to water intake; absorbing the minerals from water. Frequently seen at night at the edge of water in the mountains, they alternately sip and urinate. Under torchlight, one can see that every few seconds a trickle of water sprouted from the tail end. In actuality, the trickle is formed from droplets of water but looks like a stream of water to the naked eye. By using the instant flash of a camera, the high-speed water droplets are captured congealing on the image sensor, enabling us to realize that the trickle is actually a set of droplets.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年7月攝於惠蓀林場。使用Canon EOS 7D，1/60、f/9.0、閃光燈、ISO-200、焦距180.0 mm。夜晚趴在水邊兩隻閃燈拍攝，經常需要身子趴在水裡。由於排水間隔蠻固定，必須掌握好排水時間準確釋放快門，即可拍到整個排水珠（柱）。

Taken at Huisun Forest in July 2013, using a Canon EOS 7D, 1/60, f/9.0, flash, ISO-200, focal distance of 180.0mm. I had to lie down at the water's edge and hold two flash units to capture the images, and sometimes had to go into the water. Waiting until there was a consistency in excretion, I had to be precise in my timing, ready to press the shutter at any minute to capture the flow of water droplets (pillar).

一點一滴的責任

Responsibility: Bit by Bit

劉人豪 周琳晨

任何生命的誕生，即開始邁向死亡。然而，在死亡之前，有什麼責任與義務呢？人或許只能靠著教育、夢想或者他人的經驗，去尋找生命的意義，那昆蟲呢？經過數千萬年的演化，用什麼方法去做什麼事已記錄在牠們的基因中，稱為「行為遺傳」，就像已寫入各種知識的小型機器人。而牠們最終責任，也是世界上所有生物的責任，便是繁衍下一代。到底是什麼機緣巧合，讓雄蟲完成交配責任後還演化出「護衛產卵」的「售後服務」呢？牠們自己知道。

Whenever life is brought into this world, it is already heading towards death. Yet, what responsibility and obligation should one fulfill before death? Humans can only rely on education and the hopes and experiences of others to seek the meaning of life. But, what about insects? After millions of years of evolution, their whole rule of life is programmed into their genetics. This is called behavioral genetics. They are just like mini robots with a range of knowledge programmed into them; and their ultimate task is reproduction. So what makes male insects launch a post-mating behavior such as oviposition site guarding? Only they know the answer to that question.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年5月攝於臺東縣達仁鄉的達仁林場工作站外的蓄水池。一大早，溫度剛升高不久，當時蓄水池的水並不深，跳入蓄水池中，站在水裡觀察生物，並找到一對鼎脈蜻蜓正在進行護衛產卵的行為。以相機Nikon D7000 + 105mm f/2.8微距鏡，在自然光的狀態下直接以手動對焦拍攝。f/3.5、1/2000、ISO-640、白平衡5250K。連續拍攝了18張後挑出一張。修圖資訊：以Photoshop清晰度+10 明部拉亮+23 暗部拉亮+80 整體亮度+16。

Taken at a reservoir on the outskirts of Daren Experimental Forest Station in Daren Township, Taitung County in May 2014. Since the morning temperature was cool, I jumped into the shallow waters and caught sight of a pair of Orthetrum triangulare dragonflies in the process of producing and protecting their eggs. Images were captured using a Nikon D7000 + 105mm f/2.8 macro lens. Then, under natural light the focus was manually adjusted with the following settings: f/3.5, 1/2000, ISO-640, white balance 5250K. I picked one of the 18 shots. Image post-production: Clarity +10, brightening of the light area +23, brightening of the dark area +80 and brightening of the overall area +16 with Photoshop.

印度大田鱉的護卵與孵化

The Incubation of Lethocerus indicus

李惠永

印度大田鱉早期在臺灣農田中十分常見，主食青蛙和魚，在農藥及肥料大量使用下，這種水生昆蟲在臺灣幾近滅絕，已經有十多年未再現蹤，這是2012年在臺灣重新被發現的族群，見證雄性照顧卵和整個孵化過程。短短的幾分鐘，就像是戴了帽子的小學生一樣，對這世界充滿好奇，也像國慶日的煙火般慢慢的炸裂開來，然後新生命一一報到，瞬間集體落水。衷心希望這煙火不是曇花一現，我則用相機留住這剎那的永恆。

Lethocerus indicus is a giant water bug which feeds on frogs and fish. It used to be a common sight around cultivated fields in Taiwan. But, due to the excessive use of pesticides, it practically became extinct in Taiwan. This species has been missing in the field for several decades until it was rediscovered in recent years. This image taken in 2012 depicts a male protecting eggs and the entire incubation process. I captured the moment that the eggs hatched with the larvae resembling elementary school children in hats. Like the fireworks on National Day, the eggs crackled open and new lives emerged one by one. Then, they all dropped into the water together. Hoping to keep this image alive, my camera captured this moment for eternity.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年6月攝於苗栗，使用Canon5D加100mm micro微距鏡頭搭配MT-24EX閃光燈、f/16、1/200秒、ISO-100。以Photoshop軟體轉檔成3648x2736的指定規格。

Taken in Miaoli in June 2012 using a Canon5D plus 100mm macro lens, MT-24EX flash, f/16, 1/200 per second, ISO-100. Photoshop was used to adjust the file to 3648x2736 pixels.

真真假假

Mixture of Truth

李惠永

印度大田鱉的5齡稚蟲。剛蛻完皮的田鱉稚蟲呈現螢光綠色，非常漂亮，就連呼吸系統氣管系及足上幫助游泳的毛列都清晰可見，旁邊則是剛蛻下來的4齡稚蟲外表皮，而形成這幅真真假假的有趣畫面。

When it first sheds its skin, a Lethocerus indicus larva in its fifth instar is extremely attractive, appearing transparent and luminous green. Part of its respiratory system and its leg hairs, used for swimming, are visible to the naked eye. Right next to it is the exoskeleton freshly shed from the fourth instar, creating this rather interesting image.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年7月攝於桃園。使用Canon7D 加 100mm micro鏡頭、MT-24EX閃光燈、f/13、1/100秒、ISO-100。以Photoshop軟體轉檔成3648x2736的指定規格。

Taken in Taoyuan in July 2012, using a Canon7D with 100mm macro lens, MT-24EX flash, f/13, 1/100 per second, ISO-100. Photoshop was used to adjust the file to 3648x2736 pixels.

水波信號

Vibratory Signals

范姜俊承

雄水黽利用兩隻前足拍打水面，形成一道道的水波，如同拍發電報一樣，一方面可吸引雌性的注意，另一方面還有宣示領域的功能，這個行為被稱為水波信號。這隻雄水黽正發出信號警告正在靠近的同類。牠邊移動邊拍打水面，所形成的水波相互交疊成美麗畫面，是典型水波的干涉現象。

The male Aquarius remigis creates ripples by hitting the surface of the water with its two front legs. Similar to sending a telegram, the male attracts the female’s attention while claiming its territory via vibratory signals. This Aquarius remigis is sending a warning signal to members of the same species nearby. Swaying and hitting the water at the same time, it creates beautiful overlapping patterns on the surface. This is a typical phenomenon of wave interference.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2011年11月攝於南投縣鹿谷鄉的忘憂森林。光線剛好讓水面全反射的午後，漫步在池邊的步道上，視線自然落在水面此起彼落的漣漪上，許多的水黽正在水面上覓食與移動，若干移動過程中出現連續的漣漪，配合光線全反射時的背景，十分好看。使用 Olympus E-3、ZUIKO Digital 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 ED。經由軟體調整曝光量與銳利化後直接輸出。

Taken in a lotus forest in Lugu Township, Nantou County in November 2011. The afternoon rays of light reflected off the surface of the water. While pacing slowly along the water's edge, my eyes naturally transfixed onto the ripples on the water's surface. Many water skimmers were feeding and moving about, causing a sequence of ripples. With the accompanying reflection, it created a beautiful image, captured using an Olympus E-3, ZUIKO Digital 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 ED. Light exposure was readjusted and edges sharpened before being saved.

哭哭

Crying

李惠永

蘭嶼大葉螽斯是政府公告的保育類昆蟲，分布於蘭嶼、綠島地區，是臺灣產螽斯中最大型的一種。原本想拍攝蘭嶼大葉螽斯前足的聽器，結果這隻螽斯開始用前足清潔起自己的觸角，我腦中閃過的卻是小朋友被欺負後哭泣的畫面。我趕緊按下快門，原本欲拍攝的聽器竟清楚的入鏡，實在幸運！

The Phyllophorina kotoshoenisis katydid is a protected species that inhabits Orchid Island and Green Island. It is the largest katydid species in Taiwan. I originally planned to photograph the hearing mechanism under the katydid’s front legs, but as I was about to shoot, it suddenly started using its legs to clean its antennae. This image immediately brought to mind a child bawling its eyes out after being bullied. I quickly pressed the shutter button and lo and behold I caught the hearing mechanism as well. How lucky I am!

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年6月攝於蘭嶼紅頭部落。使用Canon7D加100mm micro微距鏡頭、MT-24EX閃光燈、f/14、1/125秒、ISO-100。以Photoshop軟體轉檔成3648x2736的指定規格。

Taken in the village of Imourod (Hongtou), Orchid Island in June 2014 using a Canon7D with 100mm micro lens, MT-24EX flash, f/14, 1/125 per second, ISO-100. Photoshop was used to adjust the file to 3648x2736 pixels.

捉迷藏

Hide and Seek

吳昶甫

翅膀及身形像極了葉子的「扁擬葉蟖」，因為動作緩慢，遇到驚嚇時會停止活動，彷彿就是一片真的葉子，在森林中難以發現。於大面積的葉子當中，一個扁擬葉蟖似乎在玩捉迷藏的遊戲。

The katydids of Phyllomimus have leaf-like body and wings. They are slow moving and disguise themselves as a leaf when frightened, making them hard to find in a forest setting. On a broad leaf, the Phyllomimus katydid seems to be playing hide and seek.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年8月攝於印尼蘇門達臘。使用Nikon D800加上60mm f/2.8D拍攝Raw檔，以內閃去觸發另一盞閃光燈進行光線的營造，之後以Lightroom進行照片的飽和度及銳利度調整後輸出為jpg檔。

Taken in Sumatra, Indonesia in August 2014 in raw image format with a Nikon D800 plus 60mm f/2.8D. Another shutter was used to trigger another flash to increase the amount of light. Lightroom was then used to adjust the sharpness and saturation before saving into jpg file.

紅腳黑翅蟬羽化體色變化

Eclosion of Scieroptera formosana

陳裕隆

紅腳黑翅蟬白天羽化的品種。紅色在自然界是警告色，剛羽化時全身紅，可以在白天羽化。以前紀錄大都在北部。中部從5月中至6月初不到一個月時間出現，其他時間不見蹤影。但北部6月才出現，時間比較長。屬於群居性昆蟲，通常很多隻聚在寄主植物上，雄蟲鳴叫聲音小。羽化時間為30分鐘至1時，剛羽化個體翅膀和身體為白色，待翅膀完全伸展開始晾翅約1時，翅膀及身體由白轉黑，頭胸部為黑色，腹部及腳為紅色，此時具備飛行及交配能力。由於成蟲生命期短，完成變色之後會盡快交尾。奇特的羽化與體色轉變，著實令人驚嘆萬物之奇妙。

Scieroptera formosana is a cicada species that goes through eclosion during the day. In nature red is a warning color. Following eclosion, the whole body is red. In the past, this species was mostly recorded in northern Taiwan. Activity in the central part of Taiwan was limited to less than one month per year, from mid-May to early June. Activity in the northern parts of Taiwan lasted longer, but did not start until June. This is a gregarious species, which usually gathers in clusters on the host plant, with male chirping being low in volume. The entire process of eclosion takes from thirty minutes to an hour. At first, the wings and the body are white. The expansion and drying of the wings take about an hour. The wings and body then gradually turn from white to black with the head and thoraces black and abdomen and legs red. At this stage, the Scieroptera formosana cicada is capable of flying and mating. Since its lifespan is short, it will mate right after the completion of its color change. The whole process of eclosion is truly a sight to behold.

優選

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年5月攝於潭子後山。使用Sony SLT-A77V。1/60、f/7.1、閃光燈、ISO-400、焦距90mm。雖然白天羽化但都在陰暗樹蔭底下，光線不足需要閃燈補光以取得清晰影像，發現地點在邊坡下方斜坡，需要攀爬才得以親近，牠們相當怕人，現場蚊子超多，耐心等候是必須的。

Taken in the mountains of Tanzi in May 2014. Equipment and settings included Sony SLT-A77V,1/60, f/7.1, flash, ISO-400 and focal distance of 90mm. Although these cicadas go through eclosion during the day, it is usually under the shade of trees. As the natural light was insufficient, flash equipment was used to achieve a clearer picture. As the location was on a slope, some climbing had to be done to get close to the subject. Patience was needed as they are extremely wary of humans and there were many mosquitoes at the site.

黑翅蟬羽化過程

Eclosion Process of Huechys sanguine

陳裕隆

蟬大多在傍晚或晚上羽化，臺灣有兩種蟬在白天羽化，稀有的黑翅蟬是其一。身上的鮮紅色在自然界是警告色，牠們得以在白天羽化。常見於饅頭果、九芎樹上棲息，幼蟲於地底吸食樹根，終齡若蟲爬出地面羽化，5月的臺中大坑地區大量發生，近兩年由於環境破壞，數量已不如以往。剛羽化的個體翅膀為白色，身體為鮮紅色，翅膀完全伸展晾翅約1~2小時，翅膀、身體、背部及頭部都會由紅轉黑，這時就具備飛行及交配能力，大概完成變色之後就會交尾。這稀有物種的奇特羽化時間與體色轉變，讓人一窺豐富多變的自然界生態。

Cicadas for the most part go through eclosion in the evening or at night. There are two species of cicadas that eclose during the day. One is Huechys sanguine. The red warning color on its body enables it to eclose during the day. Frequently found on Breynia officialis and Lagerstroemia subcostata, the larvae suck on the roots from below and when mature emerge from underground to eclose. Large numbers used to appear in Dakeng, Taichung in May. Due to environmental destruction in recent years, their numbers have dwindled considerably. When they first emerge, their wings are white and their bodies are red. The expansion and drying of the wings take 1-2 hours. The wings, body, back and head will then gradually change color from red to black. They will then have the ability to fly and mate. Generally, they mate as soon as the color change is complete. This unique eclosion process and rare display of color are among the wonders of the natural world.

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技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年5月攝於臺中大坑。使用Sony SLT- A77V、曝光時間1/13”、f/8.0、ISO-400、原始焦距 90mm。雖然白天羽化，但是在樹蔭底下光線不足，本來想使用閃光燈，看現場無風又有腳架，相機上腳架利用自然光慢速快門拍攝。

Taken in Dakeng, Taichung in May 2014, using a SONY SLT-A77V, with exposure of 1/13”, f/8.0, ISO-400, original focal distance 90mm. Although eclosion occurs during the day, it is always under the shade of trees; therefore, the natural light is insufficient. Originally, I wanted to use flash unit, but since there was no wind I decided to place the camera on a tripod and use low speed shutter with natural light to capture the image.

生物間的互利關係

Mutualism in the Animal Kingdom

陳裕隆

初看角蟬被那麼多隻螞蟻圍著，會覺得角蟬危險了。其實不然！牠們是互利關係。螞蟻平常會捕食昆蟲，但許多昆蟲反而讓螞蟻當牠們的保鑣！角蟬的做法是從身上分泌蜜露，讓螞蟻取食，藉此獲得螞蟻的保護。生物界真是很奇妙，接觸生態攝影許多年了，完整記錄下生物的自然生態歷程一直是個人目標。在拍攝角蟬的過程中，觀察到角蟬與螞蟻的互利關係，覺得很有記錄價值。

At first look, this treehopper (Membricidae) appears to be surrounded by ants and in danger. But, they actually practice reciprocal altruism. Ants often feed on insects, but at the same time insects use them as bodyguards. The treehopper secretes honeydew for the ants to dine on, and, in return, the ants provide protection. This is just one of the amazing phenomena in the animal kingdom. After many years of photographing wildlife, my personal goal is to record animal ecology. While photographing this treehopper, I captured this valuable image of a reciprocal altruistic relationship.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年9月11日攝於臺中潭子區。相機：Canon EOS 7D 鏡頭：100mm 快門1/60光圈f/20.0 ISO-400 兩盞閃燈補光、相片裁切1/4微調明暗對比。

Taken in Tanzi District, Taichung on September 11, 2013. Equipment: Canon EOS 7D lens; 100mm shutter 1/60; aperture f/20.0 ISO-400 and two flash units for extra lighting. Image was then cropped to 1/4 and shading was adjusted.

黑翅螢的夜宴

Night Banquet of the Abscondita cerata Firefly

鄭翔

日光漸漸黯淡，萬物開始退色，夜幔降臨。突然地！一盞盞黃綠色光芒閃耀，靜謐的樹林忽然熱鬧起來，四處飛舞著螢光點點，彷彿正在舉行一場黑翅螢的夜宴，為漫漫長夜展開華麗的序曲！黑翅螢是臺灣普遍的螢種，散發迷人的黃綠色螢光，個人深受螢火蟲螢光吸引，本作品除表達夜間螢火光景外，也希望讓觀眾欣賞到清晰的黑翅螢發光樣貌，呈現黑翅螢動靜之姿，達成黑翅螢生態展演的科普作用。

黑翅螢雌雄均會發光，照片主體為雄蟲，複眼發達幾乎占滿整個頭部，且發光器有兩節。雌蟲複眼相對較小，且發光器只有一節，由此可輕易辨別雌雄。

The sunlight softens. Everything becomes dim. The night curtain has finally fallen. Suddenly, flashes of yellowish green light up the serene forest. With fluorescent lights dancing all around, these banquet attending Abscondita cerata fireflies have brought a beautiful overture to the long night ahead. The Abscondita cerata firefly is a common species in Taiwan and its mysterious glow attracts me. I aimed to not only capture their nighttime glow, but also to clearly show their light-emitting behavior. It is my hope to allow the public to better understand Abscondita cerata fireflies.

Both the male and female emit light. The firefly pictured here is a male with compound eye, which covers the entire head, and two light organs. The female has a smaller compound eye and one light organ, which makes it easy to distinguish the genders.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年5月4日攝於新竹橫山大山背低海拔樹林。使用設備與條件：影像軟體、相機Nikon D800E、Nikon 60mm f/2.8 AF-S Micro、閃光燈SB-800、三腳架、快門線。生物拍攝條件：黑翅螢出沒的3-6月。影像取得與後製方式：整幅作品為2合1的生物紀錄、以三個步驟完成「黑翅螢棲地活動情境展示」作品。分別為：1. 背景「環境螢光軌跡紀錄」拍攝、2.前景「個體紀錄」拍攝、3.後製合成。

Taken in the low elevation forest of Da Shan Bei in Hengshan Township, Hsinchu County on May 4, 2013. Equipment and requirements: Image software, Nikon D800E camera, Nikon 60mm f/2.8 AF-S Micro, SB-800 flash, tripod and cable release. Required environment for photography: Luciola cerata is active March-June. Image acquisition and post-production: the whole image is a two-in-one biological record, completed in three steps to document Luciola cerata’s habitat and behavior. The three steps included: 1. Background shooting (fluorescent trail tracking of the environment), 2. Foreground shooting (individual recording). 3. Editing and composition of the images.

3D透視螢火蟲發光器

3D Perspective of the Light Organ of a Firefly

蔡岳霖 何健鎔 胡宇光

螢火蟲發光器內包覆著緻密的氣管系統，以輸送螢光反應需要的氧氣。不到5 mm2的發光組織，高達1500根直徑6 μm以下的微氣管維持氧氣的供應。過去生物學家使用組織切片或強鹼溶解等侵入性的方式才得以觀察包覆於發光器內密集而微小的氣管結構。本圖使用同步輻射X光顯微鏡，首次以非侵入性的方式呈現螢火蟲發光器內密集微氣管的3D分布，圖中直立的管柱為發光器內直徑6 μm的微氣管。

The firefly’s light organ contains a compact tracheal system to deliver the oxygen needed for the projection of light. This luminous structure measures less than 5 mm2, but has 1500 tracheoles, each measuring less than six μm in diameter, for maintaining the supply of oxygen. Biologists used to use invasive techniques, such as surgical biopsy or the insertion of strong alkaline solution, to observe the tiny compacted tracheoles within the light organ. This experiment uses a non-invasive synchrotron radiation X-ray microscope to reveal the 3D distribution of the tracheoles within the light organ. The six μm diameter upright tubular column is a tracheole within the light organ.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

利用氣管系統內的空氣與管壁對X光折射率的差異，使用同步輻射X光顯微鏡拍攝成像。為提升氣管壁與空氣的對比，新鮮螢火蟲標本以揮發性重金屬四氧化鋨薰蒸24小時，使重金屬氣體進入蟲體並附著於氣管壁，整隻蟲體呈現黑色並帶有金屬光澤。

以硬X光顯微鏡拍攝螢火蟲發光器。由於X光為不可見光，影像需經由CdWO4閃爍晶體轉換為可見光，截取自0至180度的樣品影像共一千張，曝光時間為300毫秒，總畫素為1600 x 1200 pixels，每格畫素面積約為0.57 x 0.57 μm2。旋轉拍攝樣品取得之原始影像僅為立體實物的平面投影，須先以Matlab軟體重組為斷層影像後，再利用生醫影像軟體Amira呈現氣管系統的3D形態，最後調整影像對比、總圖元及銳利度。

By using the variations in X-ray refractive indices between the air and the tracheal wall within the tracheal system, synchrotron radiation X-ray microscope was able to capture these images. To increase the contrast between the trachea and the air, fresh specimens of fireflies were fumigated for 24 hours with volatile heavy metal, osmium tetroxide, enabling the material to enter the body and trachea, creating an overall black polish effect.

The fireflies’ light organs were captured using a hard X-ray microscope. Since the X-ray itself does not project visible light, CdWO4 anthracene was needed to transfer to visible light. For 0~180 degree samples a total of 1,000 photographs with exposure time of 300 miliseconds were taken. Total pixels were 1600x1200 with each pixel measuring approximately 0.57 x 0.57 μm2. The original image obtained from the rotational shot is the planar projection of the three-dimensional object. The image was first reassembled as sliced images in Matlab, then biomedical software Amira was used to present the 3D structure of the trachea. Final retouching was done for contrast, overall image and saturation.

螢火蟲發光器中氣管與神經的分布

Distribution of Trachea and Nerves Inside the Light Organ

of a Firefly

徐素婷 何健鎔

螢火蟲螢光反應由氣管系統供應的氧氣支持，而文獻提到發光器中神經所引發的衝動似乎參與控制氣體的供應；縱使如此，至今卻沒有明確的圖片能直接指出微氣管與神經分布的關係。因此，我們選用兩種不同種類螢火蟲：邊褐端黑螢（上）與臺灣窗螢（下），以雷射掃描式共軛焦顯微鏡進行發光器中氣管（綠）與神經（紅）的觀察，發現到神經末梢直接與氣管系統的微氣管連接作調節，似乎是控制螢光發光的關鍵，衝動確實與啟動螢光有直接的關係。

Oxygen, supplied by the tracheal system, supports the firefly’s light emission. From the literature, nerve impulses in the light organ appear to partially control the oxygen supply. Even so, there is hardly any photographic proof of the relationship between the tracheoles and the distribution of nerves. Therefore, we used two different species of fireflies to research this relationship: (top) Abscondita termanalis and (bottom) Pyrocoelia analis. Using confocal laser scanning microscope, we conducted our observation of the tracheoles (green) and the nerves (red). We discovered that nerve endings are linked to the tracheoles's taenidia, allowing for adjustments to be made, which is the key to controlling the emission of the light. There is no doubt that nerve impulses have a direct effect on light emission.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

針對特定細胞或組織分布的研究，以免疫組織化學染色法處理樣品，使用雷射掃描式共軛焦顯微鏡（LSCM）觀察，其基本原理是利用抗體可辨認特定蛋白質之特性。首先需經西方墨點法（Western blot）找出適合標定氣管與神經之專一性抗體；將螢火蟲發光器切下後，以冷凍切片將樣品切片（厚度為50μm），以免疫組織化學染色法標定氣管與神經分布位置，使用雷射掃描式共軛焦顯微鏡 (ZEISS LSM780) 以z-stack方式，選用三種不同的波長的雷射 (405nm、561nm、633nm) 進行的樣品拍攝 (約100張左右) ，再進行影像重組，將影像合併成一張圖片，兩種不同類螢火蟲的圖片裁切組合，最後調整對比、亮度。

Immunohistochemistry is the method of choice for studying the distribution of tissues and specific cells. The fundamental principle of confocal laser scanning microscopy is the use of an antibody for identifying the characteristics of a specific protein. Western blot was used to find the suitable specific antibodies for locating the trachea and nervous system. Once the light organ had been biopsied, the frozen sample then went through sample cutting (thickness of 50μm) and immunohistochemistry to determine the positions of the trachea and nervous system. Using ZEISS laser scanning microscope 780 in the method of z-stack; three different wavelengths (405nm, 561nm, 633nm) were used. About 100 images were obtained. The images were then reorganized into one before the images of the two different species of fireflies were pieced together and cropped. Image retouching was then done to correct contrast and brightness.

血。脈

Bloodline

楊維晟

蚊子吸血擾人，又傳播病媒，看到蚊子無不除之而後快。面對一隻剛吸飽血的蚊子，我那想打死它的右手改拿起相機。蚊子原本扁平的腹部此刻已上下撐漲，內有薄膜構造可裝入兩倍於自身體重的血液，吸飽後腹部脹大宛若裝滿紅色液體的透明氣球，那能屈能伸的能耐令人刮目相看。動物的血液富含雌蚊造卵所需的蛋白質、脂質等養分，可使雌蚊卵巢發育成熟。紅通通的血，竟成了蚊子傳承血脈的關鍵。

We take every opportunity to destroy mosquitoes, as they suck our blood and spread disease. I was about to use my right hand to smash this well-fed mosquito to smithereens, but instead grabbed my camera and took a shot. When this mosquito had finished its meal, its abdomen was holding blood in an amount twice its mass, making it look like a balloon filled with red liquid. Its agility in that condition was admirable. Animal blood contains protein, lipids and other nutrients needed for the maturity of female mosquito’s ovary and to produce eggs. The red blood becomes the key in continuing its bloodline.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2007年4月2日攝於馬來西亞沙巴州神山國家公園。使用Nikon D200單眼相機與60mm微距鏡頭，以閃光燈作為輔助光源拍攝。影像後製只有調整亮度與調高對比。

Taken at Sabah’s Kinabalu National Park in Malaysia on April 2, 2007. Equipment included Nikon D200 DSLR and 60mm macro lens. Flash was used for light enhancement. Image post-processing was only needed to adjust light intensity and contrast.

框住幸福

Happiness Captured

李惠永

蘭嶼大象鼻蟲是蘭嶼特有種，也是非常罕見的昆蟲。碩大的體型，在臺灣象鼻蟲家族中數一數二的大。第一次見到象鼻蟲口器有這麼發達美麗的金黃毛列，決定把牠拍攝下來。象鼻蟲別稱幸福蟲，這蟲所在位置旁邊剛好有被毛毛蟲吃過的樹葉，透過孔洞拍攝這隻象鼻蟲，有框住幸福的意涵。

Eugitopus ublemmanu is a rare weevil species endemic to Orchid Island and the largest weevil species found within Taiwan. This is the first time that I have seen a weevil with such an attractive and sophisticated furry golden mouthpart. This weevil, which is also known as “the lucky bug”, was captured through the hole of a leaf chewed by caterpillars, creating a feeling of happiness caught in a frame.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年6月攝於蘭嶼。使用Canon7D加100mm micro微距鏡頭、MT-24EX及580EXII閃光燈、光感應觸發器，f/16、1/125秒、ISO-100。以Photoshop軟體轉檔成3648 x2736的指定規格。

Taken on Orchid Island in June 2014 using a Canon7D with 100mm macro lens, MT-24EX and 580EXII flash, light-activated trigger, f/16, 1/125 per second, ISO-100. Photoshop was used to adjust the file to 3648x2736 pixels.

孵化開蓋器

Incubator Opener

楊維晟

剛孵化的黃斑椿象若蟲有群聚現象，圓桶狀的白色卵殼「開蓋」處有個黑色三角物體，那是若蟲自備的開蓋器，若蟲用此頭上的三角物頂開卵殼上緣，孵化後卻將它遺留在卵蓋邊，透過微距鏡頭放大影像效果，可好好端詳黃斑椿象若蟲開蓋孵化的神祕工具。

Newly hatched Erthesia fullo nymphs have a tendency to cluster together. On the lid of the cylindrical barrel-shaped eggshell is a black triangular object that acts as a lid opener. The nymph uses this triangular object to open the eggshell lid. It will then be left near the lid after hatching. Under the macro lens, one can view this mysterious lid opener.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2012年11月在臺南山區發現群聚的黃斑椿象若蟲，卵殼上留有黑色三角形物體。想起多年前在法布爾昆蟲記一書中，法布爾提及椿象若蟲孵化會使用開蓋輔助工具，此次才會針對卵殼旁三角形物體多所著墨。使用Nikon單眼數位相機與60mm微距鏡頭，外加左右各一盞閃光燈補光。後製微調亮度與對比。

A colony of Erthesina fullo nymphs was discovered in the mountains of Tainan in November 2012. A black triangular piece was found on each eggshell. This reminded me of a description in Fabre’s Souvenir’s entomologiques of this can opener-like instrument used by these nymphs. This is why I emphasized this triangular object on the shell. This image was captured using a Nikon DSLR camera, a 60mm macro lens and an exterior flash unit on each side. Brightness and contrast were then adjusted.

囂張的勇士

The Smug Warrior

林建毅

法布爾在昆蟲記中，描述一段觀察紅螞蟻與黑螞蟻的故事，曾經引領我體會萬物靜觀皆自得的樂趣。在一個陽光充足的早晨，一隻黑螞蟻正爬在冰冷的欄杆上，一屁股坐下，一副萬夫莫敵的囂張姿態。

In Souvenirs entomologiques, Fabre described his observations of red and black ants. This has inspired me to take things slowly and enjoy nature. On one sunny morning, a black ant crawls along the icy cold surface of a railing. Suddenly, it sits down, displaying an air of invincibility and pride.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2011年11月攝於臺中文化中心旁的梅川步道。使用Nikon D7000、105mm定焦鏡，早上，做黑白處理。

Taken along the walkway of the Meichuan canal next to the Taichung Municipal Cultural Centre on a November morning in 2011, using a Nikon D7000 with a 105mm fixed focus lens followed by black and white processing.

螞蟻雄兵

The Ant Battalion

許志遠

螞蟻是我們熟悉的一類社會性昆蟲，也是居家親近的昆蟲之一。只要殘留的食物未清除乾淨，牠們就會扮演起清潔大隊的角色。小小的螞蟻王國裡，有鮮明的階級之分，分別為：蟻后、雄蟻、工蟻以及兵蟻，每個階級都扮演著重要的角色。隨著地球環境的變遷，依靠群體的力量取得食物、生長、發育及繁衍後代，成功地適應了地球上各種惡劣的環境，造就了繁榮鼎盛的螞蟻王國。

Ants are eusocial insects with which we are all very familiar, as they are regularly seen in homes. Ants act as a cleaning squad to remove scraps of food. A clear caste system exists within each colony, consisting of queens, drones, workers and soldiers, with each playing a special role in the system. Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organization and their ability to tap resources, as well as to foster and reproduce offspring.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年5~12月，使用Nikon D7100搭配105 micro及閃燈輔助，經裁切＋銳利度＋飽和度。圖1攝於新店二叭子植物園，一隻螞蟻在埋頭苦幹的搬運桑椹果實；先看到桑椹移動，才知道有一隻勤奮的螞蟻獨自一個在搬運食物。圖2攝於北橫54K處護欄上；黑棘蟻獨自一個努力的搬運著某種鞘翅目的胸部，搬運這個東西要幹嘛？去哪？後來搬運了一段時間就放棄了。圖3攝於魚池鄉蓮華池生態水池旁，一群螞蟻在搬運著一隻雞母蟲，雞母蟲被螞蟻群咬死沒有知覺與動靜，任憑這些勤奮又兇狠的螞蟻擺佈，就好像訴說著，今晚有美味的食物加菜，努力搬運回家！

Taken between May and December 2014 with a Nikon D7100 with 105 micro lens and flash. The photographs were cropped and the sharpness and saturation were adjusted. The first photograph was taken at Erbazi Botanical Garden in Xindian. Upon noticing that the mulberry was moving on its own, I realized that there was an ant diligently transporting it. The second photograph was taken along the guardrail at the 54K marker along the Northern Cross-island Highway. A Polyrhachis dives ant is painstakingly transporting the chest of a Coleoptera insect. What’s the purpose of transporting this? Where to? It gave up after a while. The third photograph was taken at the side of the Lianhua ecological pond in Yuchi Township. The motionless larva of a chaefer beetle is being bitten to death by these ferocious ants that are transporting it. It seems that there will be additional food for them tonight. They are working hard to take it home!

明偷暗搶

By Hook or by Crook

劉人豪 周琳晨

螞蟻在大自然中扮演著極多元，且重要的角色。某日中午，走在萬安林道中，看見一隻管蛛正咬著一團昆蟲屍體，不安的四處竄逃，近看才發現，原來有螞蟻在牠身邊，想找個空隙把食物給弄到手。

這個景象可能有兩種解釋：1.這隻昆蟲屍體似乎是頸吻亞目的昆蟲，這類昆蟲多會分泌蜜露，觸動螞蟻嗜甜的特性。2.體色偏紅的螞蟻多半具有攻擊性，也有可能是受到肉的吸引，主動出擊掠奪食物。

The ant plays an important and diverse role in nature. While walking along the Wanan Forest Road one day at noon, I came across a corinnid spider grasping the corpse of an insect in its mouth nervously pacing back and forth. When I moved in closer I realized it that the spider had encountered some ants, which wanted to steal the prize. There are two possible explanations for this encouter:

1. The insect corpse belongs to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha which secretes honeydew. The sweetness of these secretions has attracted the ants.

2. Red ants are mostly offensive and the sight of prey has led them to want to rob the spider of it.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年8月21日11：49攝於屏東縣萬安林道（原萬安瀑布林道）。後製：對比+18% 陰影補償+30%（windows7內建）。Nikon D700 + 105mm micro + Nissin Di622（+6）〈光觸發〉 f/13、快門1/60S、ISO-500、WB：4170K。

Taken along the Wanan Forest Road, Pingtung County (originally Wanan Falls Forest Trail) on August 21, 2013 at 11:49 am. Image post-processing: Contrast + 18%, Shadow compensation + 30%. Nikon D700+105mm micro + Nissin Di622 (+6) <light triggered> f/13, shutter 1/60S, ISO-500, WB: 4170K.

摸鬍子

Stroking the Hair

劉人豪 周琳晨

螞蟻的視力差，看到東西就要碰一碰、摸一摸，試探試探，這次牠可能摸到了殺手的鬍子，接下來到底會如何呢？別急…蠅虎科的蜘蛛喜愛獵食小昆蟲，主要獵食蒼蠅，也有專門獵食螞蟻的種類。圖中的螞蟻是行動敏捷的長腳捷蟻，或許可快速逃離而不至於被捕食。摸蠅虎的鬍子沒在怕！

Ants have very limited vision. Therefore, they touch, stroke and feel whenever they come across something. But, this time, an ant has ended up stroking the hairs of a killer spider. What will be the end result? Don’t worry! This jumping spider prefers to prey on small insects, especially flies. While some species of jumping spiders prey on ants, this yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracillipes) is rather agile and fast moving and can easily escape. Therefore, it is not at risk from touching the hairs of this spider.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年7月26日14：26攝於國立屏東科技大學新農學院。後製：裁圖、對比+20% 陰影補償-40%（windows7內建) 。Nikon D2000 + 105mm micro + Nissin Di622 (+6）〈光觸發〉 f20、 快門1/200S、ISO-200、WB：4170K。

Taken at the College of Agriculture, National Pintung University of Science and Technology at 14:26 on July 26, 2013. Image post-processing: cropping, contrast + 20%, shadow compensation -40%. Nikon D2000 with 105mm micro & Nissin Di622 (+6) <light triggered> f/20, shutter 1/200s, ISO-200, WB: 4170K.

欄杆上的寶石

The Gem on the Railing

林至鴻

欄杆上發現的藍翠蛛，旁邊還出現另外3種蜘蛛。步道欄杆上容易有蠅虎科的蜘蛛出現，可能是因為上面障礙物少，方便獵食。加上常觀察到有小蟲停留，食物充足。觀察地方旁邊有許多蒼蠅聚集，可能是造成那邊蜘蛛特別多的原因。

I found this Siler cupreus spider on a railing alongside three other spider species. The railing along this walkway usually attracts jumping spiders (Salticidae), probably due to the lack of obstacles and the ease of finding prey. Insects are frequently seen landing on the railing. I observed that a large number of flies were gathering nearby. This is probably why there is a large spider population.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年6月攝於忠勇山下步道旁的欄杆上。使用Olympus TG-2相機拍攝。

Taken along the railing of a footpath below Zhongyong Mountain in June 2014, using an Olympus TG-2 camera.

玉翠蛛

Siler semiglaucus Spider

陳亮俊

跳蛛是蜘蛛中少數不靠織網捕獵的種類。但憑著出色的視力和驚人的跳躍力，跳蛛成為林中出色的獵人。與林中大多數憑保護色作掩護的動物不同，很多的跳蛛都有亮麗的顏色與光澤。

跳蛛屬蠅虎科的蜘蛛，有8隻眼睛，尤其頭部正中一對大眼，非常明顯，在蜘蛛界算是視力優異的類群。許多種類的雄蛛具有鮮明的色彩，還會擺動附肢，以跳舞動作吸引雌蛛。

The jumping spiders are rare examples of spiders that do not weave webs to catch prey, yet their impressive vision and extraordinary jumping ability have given them a reputation as forest predators. They differ from most forest creatures in that their colors are bright and glossy. The jumping spider has eight eyes with one particularly large pair that can be easily seen in the center of its head. It is known for its superior vision among spiders. Males are brightly colored and they wave their appendages, performing dance-like movements to attract females.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

跳蛛都是極為活躍的動物。我在樹林的欄杆上發現了這隻剛好捕捉到某雙翅目幼蟲的玉翠蛛。它一邊用螫肢緊咬住食物，一邊揮動前肢對我進行警告。不消一分鐘，口中的肥美幼蟲被牠吸乾，只剩下乾癟的皮囊。

Jumping spiders are very active animals. I found a Siler semigalucus spider on a railing in a forest with what appeared to be a captured olipteran larva species. It used its chelicera to grasp onto the food while it used its forelimbs to warn me off. In less than a minute, the larva was sucked dry.

雙蛛搶蛛

Two Spiders Fighting Over a Spider

劉人豪 周琳晨

靠近頂端的三角蟹蛛，平常在花叢中擬態，等待前來訪花的昆蟲大餐。在中間被吸食的苦主肩斑銀腹蛛，則是以織網等待獵物的蜘蛛。最下方的孔蛛，是蠅虎科裡專吃蜘蛛的蜘蛛，屬於遊獵型蜘蛛。推測肩斑銀腹蛛的網子被破壞，移動到植物上尋找掩蔽，卻被守株待兔的三角蟹蛛抓來祭五臟廟，這時遊獵型的孔蛛經過，發現垂手可得的美食，也加入吃飯的行列。看這「雙蛛搶蛛」畫面，您有什麼劇本？

The spider on the top is Thomiscus labefactus. It is usually camouflaged in flowers ready to pounce on unsuspecting insects. The victim spider in the middle is Leucage blanda, which usually catches its prey in a web. The spider in the bottom of the image is Portia labiata, which belongs to the Salticidae. It specializes in dining on other spiders. Suspecting that its web has been damaged, Leucage blanda retreats into the plant for security but unwittingly falls victim to Thomiscus labefactus. At this moment, a passing Portia labiata spots a meal opportunity and thus a tug of war begins. By looking at this image of “spiders fighting over a spider”, what script would you come up with?

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年7月攝於臺東縣達仁鄉的達仁林場環山林道路旁。以Nikon D7000加100mm、f/2.8，在自然光的狀態下利用Phottix閃光燈補光以手動對焦拍攝。f/16、1/320、ISO-400、白平衡4170K、閃光燈強度1/1。連續拍攝了3張RAW檔後挑出一張。以Photoshop清晰度+10明部拉亮+26 暗部拉亮+40整體亮度+18。

Taken along the roadside in the Daren Experimental Forest Station in Daren Township, Taitung County in July 2014. Equipment included Nikon D7000 with 100mm f/2.8 lens. Manual focus and Phottix flash were used to further enhance the image under natural light conditions. Settings included f/16, 1/320, ISO-400, white balance 4170K, intensity of flash 1/1. One photograph was chosen from among the three RAW setting photos. Then, using Photoshop, the photograph was adjusted for clarity +10, brightening of lighted area +26, brightening of darkened area +40 and overall adjustment of brightness +18.

最佳易容術

The Master of Disguise

黃印通 林淑英

偽裝是生物演化最具戲劇性的生存本能，不管是覓食或是防衛，都能派上用場。「三突花蛛」即是其中的佼佼者。牠們能配合環境改變自身體色，且體色多變，黃、褐、白、綠等色皆有。不結網，靠著偽裝能輕易騙到獵物。圖中「三突花蛛」使身體成為植物一部分，在我眼裡，是完美的偽裝。

Whether for foraging or for defense, disguise has become potentially the most useful tool for survival. Ebrechtella tricuspidatus is a spider especially known for disguise. It blends into its environment by changing its colors to yellow, brown, white, or green. It does not weave a web, but rather catches its prey by disguising itself. This photographed spider, which blends in with the plant, in my opinion has the perfect disguise.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2008年4月攝於雲林縣古坑鄉華山村。使用Nikon D80單眼相機加微距鏡。

Taken in Huashan Village, Gukeng, Yunlin County in April 2008 using a Nikon D80 DSLR with macro lens.

脈之絡

Pulse of the Network

黃印通 林淑英

動物有血管能輸送養分與水分，植物也有輸送養分與水分的管道。本圖可清楚看見雙子葉植物的網狀葉脈，在大支脈之下又連結了許多小支脈，這許多支脈的形成與功用有如布滿人體全身的血管。無法享受烈日的蜘蛛，葉背恰好是牠最佳的傘。

Both plants and animals have networks for transporting nutrients and water. You can clearly see the web-shaped outline of the leaf veins on this dicotyledon plant. Smaller veins connect to the branch veins forming a functional network comparable to that of human blood vessels. Unable to bear the intense sunlight, a spider has sought shelter under this leafy umbrella.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2007年5月攝於臺南市白河。使用Nikon單眼相機加微距鏡。

Taken at Baihe, Tainan in May 2007 using a Nikon DSLR with macro lens.

鬼面擒拿手

The Devil-faced Trapper

楊維晟

臺灣眾多蜘蛛中，鬼面蛛以獨到的獵捕手法，見證蜘蛛獵捕的多樣性。偽裝良好的鬼面蛛白天化身枯枝，入夜後才開始活動。鬼面蛛織網不結網，首先從腹部末端絲疣吐出細而強韌的蛛絲，織好一面不算大的矩形網後，一個大翻身，改以兩對前腳拿起蛛絲，正面向樹幹，以碩大的前中眼正視前方，一旦獵物經過前方樹幹，啪~快速地將蛛網套向獵物。鬼面蛛不愧為完美的擒拿手，更是演化上的佼佼者。

Among the numerous spider species in Taiwan, the net-casting spiders (Deinopidae) stand out for their trapping technique. This seemingly docile spider is still, appearing as a dried stick, during the day and only becomes active in the evening. It spits out a thin but sturdy thread from its lower abdomen weaving it into a small web. Then doing a flip, it suspends the web between its two front legs facing the tree branch and watches for any incoming prey. Whenever it spots potential prey, it propels itself onto the prey and entangles it in the web. Its expertise in trapping is one of the remarkable adaptations of the net-casting spider in its evolutionary history.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2011年7月攝於臺北富陽公園步道旁。使用Nikon單眼數位相機，再兩盞外接閃光燈，直接在鬼面蛛活動的地點拍攝。

Taken along the walkway next to Fuyang Eco-Park, Taipei, in July 2011, using a Nikon DSLR with two extra flash units. This location is known to be inhabited by devil-faced spiders.

守「蛛」待兔

Waiting for Prey

林至鴻

這隻黑綠鬼蛛將稍微彎曲的葉子兩端用絲連起來，做成隧道狀的巢，躲在裡面靜待獵物上網。牠腳搭在巢外的網上，感受到外面的網，因獵物上網而震動時便立即行動。第一張圖為牠原本的狀態，第二張受到驚嚇後將腳縮回巢中，第三張則是牠捕捉獵物的網，其左側缺口處中央的絲為連接巢的絲。

This Araneus mitificus spider has used its thread to sew up two tips of a leaf to create a tunnel nest. Hiding inside, it waits for its prey. Its legs are hanging out touching the web. Once an insect lands on the web, the spider immediately springs into action. The first image shows the original position. The second image shows its legs folded back into the nest after a fright. The third image is of the web used for trapping. The thread on the left side, close to the center of the web, is the thread that connects the nest.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年1月攝於大溝溪。使用Olympus TG-2相機拍攝。

Taken at Dagouxi in January 2014, using an Olympus TG-2 camera.

八隻腳的母愛

An Eight Legged Mother’s Love

林至鴻

一隻斜紋蜘蛛媽媽正在護卵，並且已經孵化出許多小蜘蛛，其中有些已爬到別處。隔天再觀察，蜘蛛媽媽已經離開，剩下4、5隻小蜘蛛還在卵囊上，並於約6公尺內的植物上觀察到許多相當體型的同種小蜘蛛，可能和先前觀察到的是同一窩，說起來牠們播散的速度還真快。

This Oxyopes sertatus spider is protecting its eggs and many have already hatched with some of the offspring having scampered away. When I came back the next day, the mother had left, leaving about 4 or 5 unhatched eggs. A large number of spiderlings were found on plants within a six-meter radius. Most likely they were from that same eggsac.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年5月攝於彰化縣永靖鄉某個屋簷下。使用Olympus TG-2相機拍攝，因為逆光有使用較微弱的光線測試蜘蛛們沒有什麼反應才使用閃光燈。

Taken below some eaves in Yongjing Township, Changhua County in May 2014, using an Olympus TG-2 camera. A weaker backlight was used to test the impact on the spiders. A flash was then used when the spiders showed no reaction to the backlight.

動物的拼圖

Animal Puzzles

成家

Preparing to Start a Family

吳昶甫

黑頭織布鳥為籠園逸鳥，目前已在臺灣部分地區建立族群。雄鳥會採集植物編織鳥巢，作為繁殖之用，可是築巢期間稍不注意便會被其他鳥搶走，甚至兩隻鳥因此大打出手。如果有雌鳥看中這個鳥巢，便會與雄鳥交配產卵。雌鳥孵蛋期間，雄鳥會持續修補並保護鳥巢的安全。

The village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) has set up colonies in parts of Taiwan. The males of the species collect plant material to weave a nest for breeding purposes. During the weaving period, the nest can be taken over by other birds, which can result in fierce fighting. If a female likes a nest it will mate with the male that made it and lay eggs in it. During the incubation period, the male will continue to repair and protect the nest.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年6月攝於新竹。使用Nikon D800、500mm、f/4，以Lightroom進行照片的飽和度及銳利度調整後輸出為jpg檔。三張照片分別表達築巢初期的困難、跟其他鳥爭奪防衛鳥巢的艱辛，和最後鳥巢的完成。

Taken in Hsinchu in June 2014. Equipment and settings included Nikon D800, 500mm, f/4. Lightroom was used to carry out saturation and adjustment of sharpness followed by saving into jpg file. The three photographs represent: difficulties in the initial stage of weaving a nest, fierce fighting between competitors and completion of the nest.

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大白鷺的關鍵繁殖行為

Breeding Behavior of the Great Egret

范兆雄

近兩年來，大白鷺在水溪邊紅樹林裡，穩定地築窩繁殖。繁殖期有了配偶，臉部紋理和色澤、色調有明顯變化。築巢甚殷時，銜枝日取不下50次。幼雛孵化三週內，當一隻親鳥在巢照顧幼雛時，另一隻親鳥就出外覓食。回巢後，雙親先親密動作約1分鐘，然後一親鳥為子女理毛，另一親鳥為伴侶理毛。大白鷺的兩性關係模式，足堪人類楷模。來到青少年階段，幼鳥仍無法無天地向父母索討東西吃。幸好再不久，翅膀硬了，隻隻離巢成為獨立個體。

For the past two years, these great egrets (Ardea alba) have been building their nest in the mangroves along the banks of the river. During breeding season, there is an obvious change in the coloration and patterns on its head. At the peak of nest construction, it makes no less than 50 trips to bring back branches. For the first three weeks after the chicks have hatched, when one parent is busily taking care of the chicks, the other flies off in search of food. When that parent returns, a one-minute intimate session between the adults ensues. After that, one adult grooms the young and the other adult grooms its partner. Their relationship provides a perfect model for humans to follow. When the chicks reach the juvenile stage, they ruthlessly demand food from their parents. Fortunately, not long after that, their wings harden, and one by one they fly off in search of their own adventures.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

近兩年來，大白鷺在塩水溪邊紅樹林裡，穩定也搭窩繁殖下一代，參賽作品是2012年7月左右拍攝完成，使用Canon 7D機身，Leica 400mm鏡頭，並加1.4x或2x增距鏡。畫面均在能看到太陽但不會呈現影子之最美情態下拍得。大白鷺的飛行及親子互動，均在沒有原因，沒有壓力的自由意志抉擇下入鏡。具以下條件：1.被拍攝者和攝影者熟悉度。2.被拍攝者與鏡頭間，已超過引起注意動機的距離。

圖1. 銜枝築巢，有就地取材者，也有從遠處攜入者。大白鷺直向鏡頭方向飛行，焦點設定在按快門後，鳥再飛1.4m處，方有正確對焦機會。2.孵化三週內的大白鷺家庭，最為親密和諧，其樂融融。3.青少年階段的幼鳥，尚賴著向父母索討東西。係終日等待親鳥餵食及換班照顧幼雛時拍得。

These images were taken in July 2012. Equipment included Canon 7D, Leica 400mm lens with 1.4x or 2x teleconverter. The sun in this beautiful image is visible but did not create a shadow. The images of flight of the great egret and its interaction with their young were taken under natural situation. It is important for the photographer be familiar with the subjects and sufficient distance was kept in order not to disturb these birds. Requirements: 1. Familiarity between the photographer and the subjects. 2. Sufficient distance between the subjects and the lens.

Image 1: Nest construction: The birds collected twigs from both near and far. This great egret flew in the direction of the lens and there was an opportunity for a shot when the egret flew to a 1.4m distance after releasing the shutter. Image 2: Three weeks after the hatching of the chicks was a cheerful and intimate time for the egret family. Image 3: The pair took turns looking after and feeding the juvenile birds.

驚豔．新視野－科學攝影2014-2015

它在嘔吐，是病了嗎？

It’s Throwing Up! Is it Sick?

黃民雄

它吐了，並不是因為生病，而是吐出消化不了的食物，稱為「食繭」。翠鳥通常生活在水邊，捕捉魚、蝦等為食。和多數鳥類一樣，翠鳥吃食魚蝦時都是整隻吞下，不能消化的東西，在胃中累積成團狀形成「食繭」然後吐出。食繭看似堅硬，其實稍加輕碰就散開，骨頭、魚鱗、魚刺等清晰可見。食繭通常都掉入水中，並不常見，能拾獲翠鳥的食繭，又拍到此影像，實千載難逢，算是幸運。

This kingfisher may be regurgitating, but it is not sick. It is ridding itself of food that it cannot digest in the form of a “pellet”. Kingfishers are usually seen hunting for fish and shrimp along the edges of water. Like other bird species, they swallow their meals whole and the indigestible parts are then compressed into “pellets”, which are regurgitated. The pellet might look hard, but a single touch can shatter it, revealing identifiable bones and scales. The pellet is usually dropped into the water and seldom found. I was lucky enough to find this pellet and capture this golden moment.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2009年12月25日攝於臺南市四草野生動物保護區附近魚塭旁的紅樹林。經裁剪、銳化、亮度、飽和度等調整。器材與設定：Canon EOS 7D + 15-85mm、f/3.5-4.5、1/1000sec、f/6.3、ISO-500。

圖1.翠鳥吐出食繭。器材設定：300mm、f4.0 1/320sec 、f5.6、ISO-200。圖2.翠鳥吃食魚蝦時都是整隻吞下，翠鳥正要吞食大肚魚。Panasonic DMC-FZ100、1/1300 sec、f/4.7、ISO-400光圈優先。圖3.食繭的內容物含魚骨、魚鱗、魚刺等。在2013 年8 月9 日將食繭放在黑布上拍照，在室內用Neat Image 作降噪處理，畫面背景均勻分散白點是黑布上的花紋，下方的比例尺最小刻度為1mm。

Taken in the mangrove forest next to a fish farm in Tainan’s Sicao Wildlife Reserve on December 25, 2009. The photograph was cropped and sharpened, and underwent adjustment for light intensity and saturation. Equipment: Canon EOS 7D with 15-85mm f/3.5-4.5 lens, 1/1000sec, f/6.3, ISO-500.

Image 1: Kingfisher regurgitates food pellet. Settings: 300mm f/4.0, 1/320sec, f/5.6 ISO-200. Image 2: Kingfisher swallows a mosquito fish. Panasonic DMC-FZ100 1/1300 sec, f/4.7 ISO-400 aperture. Image 3: The content within the pellet includes fish bones and scales. On August 9, 2013, the pellet was placed on a black cloth and the image underwent noise reduction using Neat Image. The smooth and scattered white dots on the background are actually the pattern on the black cloth and the graduated object along the edge is an ordinary plastic meter stick with smallest graduation of 1mm.

大杜鵑鳥托卵東方大葦鶯

Oriental Reed Warbler Raises Cuckoo

陳加盛

杜鵑科鳥類也有少部分自行孵卵和育雛(例如番鵑)，但其他多數都採行「托卵」的繁殖方式。每一種杜鵑也會選擇不同的「寄主」，產下花紋、顏色相似的卵，來矇騙寄主。當然，被托卵的鳥類也會發展出反制之道，彼此間形成了一場生存的競爭。我拍到的這一幕，正是東方大葦鶯哺育大杜鵑幼雛的精彩畫面。

Although there are a few species of cuckoo that hatch and raise their young, many species in the Cuculidae family are brood parasites. Each cuckoo species lays eggs that resemble those of the host in the host’s nest. There are times when the host develops a strategy to counter this invasion and a struggle ensues. This image captures the very moment that an Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) is feeding the young of a common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus).

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年7月7日攝於中國大陸東北遼寧省遼河河口，盤錦國家級保護區。使用Nikon 600mm、f/4鏡頭、F6機身、Fuji RDP II 100正片，掃描成數位檔，未經任何電腦修圖。

Taken at Pan Jin Shuangtai estuary wetland, Liao River mouth in Liaoning Province in northeastern China on July 7, 2013. Equipment included Nikon 600mm, f/4 lens, F6 camera body, Fuji RDP II 100 positive. Images were scanned into digital file without modification.

捕獲

Capturing

李濤

鵜鶘是一種大型的游禽，也是捕食高手。它那大大的嘴巴，很容易就能捕捉到魚兒。這幅作品正抓拍到鵜鶘捕食在嘴的一瞬間。

The pelican is a large waterfowl and an expert hunter. Its large mouth is an excellent fishing tool. This shot captured the very moment it caught its prey.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

我熱愛攝影，喜愛旅遊。旅遊采風至新疆，在南疆一水域，偶遇到鵜鶘捕食。於是使用Nikon D70s相機，將其瞬間抓拍了下來。

I really enjoy taking pictures and traveling. During my visit to Southern Xinjiang, I happened upon a pelican catching its prey. I immediately grabbed my Nikon D70s camera and captured that perfect moment.

基因表現的圖騰

Genetic Totem

張小慧 黃偉倫 秦咸靜 王繼廣

螢光基因轉錄而成的螢光蛋白質，可透過特殊波長的光觀察到螢光表現。這類大鼠原本應全身表現紅螢光，但圖中這隻大鼠在單細胞胚期時，我們給予一個啟動訊息，使得在特定位置發生基因重組現象，基因重組的細胞由原來的紅色螢光轉而呈現綠色螢光。利用這樣的變色技術，我們可以用來研究與評估各種基因表現的時間點、量與位置。圖中這隻大鼠的細胞並非全面發生重組，只呈現局部變色的圖案，造就了一個美麗的意外。

The active fluorescent protein translated from the fluorescent gene can be observed using a special wavelength of light. This rat should be fluorescent red all over, but because the researchers set a designated switch for its genes to recombine during the embryonic stage, it turned from fluorescent red to fluorescent green. Using this changing color technique, we can research and predict gene expression over time, as well as quantity and location. The rat pictured here has not undergone complete gene recombination. Therefore, only a part of its body has changed color, creating this beautiful accident.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年5月23日攝於國家實驗研究院國家實驗動物中心。實驗大鼠品系名稱：SD-Tg（UBC-fRed/GFP）26Narl Tg (Col1a1 (5A）-Cre）01Narl雙基因轉殖大鼠。使用設備：相機 Canon 500D，鏡頭Canon 18-55 mm變焦鏡，暗房中使用NightSea Dual Fluorescent Protein Flashlight 之 GFP綠色螢光蛋白激發光源與濾鏡拍攝。ISO-200，曝光4秒，無後製。

Taken at the National Applied Research Laboratories, National Laboratory Animal Center on May 23, 2013. Breed of rat: SD-Tg (UBC-fRed/GFP) 26Narl Tg (Col1a1 (5A) –Cre) 01Narl hybrid cloned rat. Equipment: Canon 500D, Canon 18-55mm zoom lens, stimulated light of GFP green fluorescent protein from the NightSea Dual Fluorescent Protein Flashlight paired with photo filter to photograph in a dark room; ISO-200, exposure time 4 seconds. No post-processing.

艾氏樹蛙的愛

Eiffinger’s Tree Frog Love

林猷威 鄭翰群 李建輔 吳翊端

艾氏樹蛙被喻為臺灣最有愛心的蛙類，有著樹蛙科中獨特的親代照顧行為。雄蛙會先在竹筒內的積水中鳴叫，吸引雌蛙前來竹筒內假交配、產卵。之後，有些雄蛙會停留在竹筒內保護蛙卵，以身體沾水的方式來保持蛙卵的濕潤；雌蛙則是在蝌蚪孵化之後，返回竹筒內並產下未受精的卵來餵食蝌蚪，直到蝌蚪變態成小蛙。因此，艾氏樹蛙的愛可說是包含了「兩性之間的情愛」、「父子之間的愛」以及「母子之間的愛」三種層次。

Eiffinger’s tree frog (Kurixalus eiffingeri) is considered to provide unique parental care among the frog species in Taiwan. From inside a bamboo tube, males call to attract females to enter the tube to mate and lay eggs. Afterwards, some males remain inside the tube to protect the eggs and keep them moist with their body moisture. When tadpoles hatch, the female returns to the bamboo tube to lay unfertilized eggs to feed the tadpoles until they become juvenile frogs. Therefore, there are three levels of care among Eiffinger’s tree frogs: between parents, between father and eggs and between mother and tadpoles.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

三張照片拍攝於溪頭的竹林內，從2013年6月底開始，觀察艾氏樹蛙生殖季內的產卵及餵食情形，一直到10月生殖季結束，以攝影的方式記錄了牠們精采的親子互動。使用Canon EOS 60D及SIGMA 150mm f/2.8 macro微距鏡頭，並以YN565EX閃光燈進行夜間補光；ISO值設定在100至320之間，並以f/13至16、快門速度1/160至1/250的組合進行拍攝。影像是以RAW檔儲存，並進行裁切、調整亮度、對比及白平衡後輸出為jpg檔。

These three images were taken in a bamboo forest in Xitou. Observations started at the end of June 2013 and continued through October when the breeding season ended. The interactions between pairs of Eiffinger’s tree frogs and their egg laying and feeding habits were recorded. Equipment included Canon EOS 60D and SIGMA 150mm f/2.8 macro lens, with YN565EX for lighting enhancement at night. ISO was between 100 and 320, f/13 to 16, 1/160 and 1/250. The images were saved in RAW file setting and post-processing was done including cropping and adjustment of light intensity, contrast and white balance. The images were then exported as jpg files.

舞動蛭愛

The Dance of the Leeches

楊維晟

原始熱帶雨林潮溼多雨，野生動物密度高，水蛭一直是野生動物及探險者揮之不去的陰影，吸血鬼的形象讓牠們不受歡迎。雌雄同體的水蛭為行異體交配的環節動物，難得有機會見到兩隻婆羅洲虎斑水蛭，正進行交配前的求偶儀式，好似綠色舞臺上的雙人舞蹈；雙方身體前端交纏且有韻律地搖擺著。身軀柔軟且延展性高，正是水蛭黏附動物所需的本領。

Tropical rainforests have characteristically high humidity and rainfall and contain the largest diversity of species. Leeches have long been a nuisance to both wild animals and explorers alike. Their vampire-like image makes them extremely unpopular. Leeches are hermaphrodite annelids. I happened to come upon two tiger leeches in the process of courtship. Like a duet they danced on a green stage, with the anterior parts of their bodies intertwining and swaying rhythmically. Their distinct soft and extendable body gives them the ability to attach themselves to other animals.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2007年6月攝於馬來西亞沙巴的丹濃谷自然保護區。使用Nikon單眼數位相機、兩盞閃光燈作光源。

Taken at Malaysia’s Sabah Danum Valley Conservation Area in June 2007, using a Nikon DSLR and two flash units.

優選

微觀的世界

Microscopic World

以花之名

In the Name of Flowers

林雅婷

感覺初級神經細胞：背根神經節，在離體培養下，不受拘束的生長並綻放，這是神經細胞美麗與堅韌的代表。

Primary sensory cells: The growth of the dorsal root ganglion does not stop when cultured in vitro. This represents the beauty and tenacity of nerve cells.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年6月攝於長庚大學神經藥理學實驗室。背根神經節初級細胞培養後，經多聚甲醛固定並進行免疫螢光染色，使用Alexa Fluor 488染劑標定CGRP蛋白，佐以DAPI標定細胞核。使用Olympus正立螢光光學顯微鏡，利用紫外光激發、藍光激發螢光濾片取得螢光，以20倍物鏡和10倍目鏡放大後攝影，將激發出的藍色和綠色螢光相疊和後取得影像。

Taken at Chang Gung University’s Neuropharmacology Laboratory in June 2014. After cultivating the dorsal root ganglion, it was set with paraformaldehyde and dyed with immunofluorescence. The process involved the usage of Alexa Fluor 488 dye to demarcate the CGRP Protein and DAPI to demarcate the nucleus. Using an Olympus fluorescence microscope, the ultraviolet and blue lasers stimulated the fluorescent filter to create the fluorescence. Image capture was carried out with 20x objective lens and 10x ocular lens . The stimulated blue and green fluorescence was then stacked together to create the image.

錯綜複雜之神經網路

Intricate Neural Network

柳文濱

人類腦中含有上千億個神經細胞，細胞互相交接成無限複雜的神經網路，彼此間藉著突觸傳遞訊息，使得人類有了感覺、運動及反射功能。本作品之神經細胞取自胎鼠大腦皮質，培養至成熟後，再以神經細胞標誌MAP2抗體及DAPI細胞核染劑雙重染色而成。在螢光顯微鏡的拍攝下呈現出神經細胞結構之複雜性及特異性。科學界常利用此模式下的神經細胞，開發臨床治療神經損傷或異常用藥，如阿茲海默症、帕金森氏症及腦中風。

The human brain contains hundreds of billions of nerve cells. Nerve cells connect to form neural networks that transmit information via synapses, which enables a person to sense, to move and to have reflexes. Nerve cells from the cerebral cortex of a fetal rat were cultivated. Upon reaching maturity, the tagged cells were dyed twice with Microtube Associated protein 2 and DAPI fluorescent stain. Under fluorescence microscope, the intricacy and uniqueness of nerve cells were revealed. Scientists often use this type of nerve cell sample to develop clinical treatments for neural damage and abnormal medicine intake such as in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年3月攝於南臺科技大學。使用：Zeiss Axio Imager 螢光顯微鏡。將神經細胞培養在載玻片上，以神經細胞標誌MAP2抗體及DAPI細胞核染劑雙重染色，在10倍目鏡及物鏡40倍中放大400倍後，先拍MAP2染色，再拍攝DAPI 染色，再以軟體疊圖而成。

Taken at Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology in March 2014. Equipment: Zeiss Axio Imager Fluorescence Microscope. The nerve cells were grown on a microscope slide and then dyed twice with MAP2 antibody and DAPI fluorescent stain. Through 10 X ocular lens magnification and 40 X objective lens magnification, total magnification of 400 X was achieved. MAP2 dyeing process was first captured, followed by the DAPI dyeing process. The images were then overlaid.

饗宴

Feast

林宜潔 胡尚秀

著名的子宮頸癌細胞「海拉」正享用最後的一餐。將抗癌藥物包裹入生物相容性高分子載體中，偽裝成美食饗宴，牠們正吞噬著致命的結局。

These infamous cervical cancer cells (Hela) are enjoying their last meal. Anti cancer drug wrapped inside a biocompatible macromolecule carrier is a deadly camouflaged feast.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2014年3月攝於清華大學生醫工程與環境科學館。使用螢光顯微鏡，樣品為Hela細胞與藥物載體。CCD取得影像。

Taken at National Tsing Hua University’s Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences in March 2014. A fluorescence microscope was used to observe an anticancer drug inside a carrier targeted to Hela cells. CCD was then used to obtain the image.

芬芳小徑

The Path of Aroma

程柏維

感覺系統是維繫生命體與外界環境的重要橋樑。對於動物而言，嗅覺系統扮演了環境中各種分子的偵察任務，得以因應環境的變化作出適當的行為反應。本作品乃在斑馬魚的嗅覺神經及細胞膜上進行活體標定追蹤，以雷射共軛焦顯微鏡進行嗅球的完整掃描。圖中可見由外側上皮細胞層投射至腦的紅色嗅覺神經元，並可見到因嗅神經叢集的嗅小體結構。當我們聞到味道時，氣味分子引發的訊號脈衝就如同走進腦神經的森林小徑，讓整座森林活躍起來，充滿了生命力。

The sensory system is an important bridge connecting a living organism with its external environment. The olfactory system detects various molecules and allows for different reactions according to the changes in the environment. This work tracked the olfactory nerves and cell membranes of live zebrafish using a confocal laser scanning microscope to scan the olfactory bulb. In the picture, the red olfactory nerve cells projected from the epithelium to the brain and the structure of the glomeruli of olfactory nerves can be clearly seen. When we smell, the signal pulses stimulated by scent molecules travel to our cranial nerves, bringing this forest of nerves to life.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年9月20日攝於臺大生命科學院斑馬魚核心設施。樣品：斑馬魚(claudinb：EGFP x HuC：kaede)。

拍攝設備：Olympus FluoView FV10i confocal

microscope。影像擷取後進行疊圖套色，EGFP 488 nm channel to Red，photo-converted kaede protein 562 nm to Green，干涉相位差(DIC) channel to blue.

Taken at the Taiwan Zebrafish Core Facility of the College of Life Science of National Taiwan University on September 20, 2013. Sample: Zebrafish (claudinb: EGFP x HuC: kaede). Equipment: Olympus FluoView FV10i confocal microscope. The images underwent layering and chromatography, EGFP 488 nm channel to Red, photo-converted kaede protein 562 nm to Green and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) channel to Blue.

果蠅長期記憶的腦細胞

Long-term Memory of the Fruit Fly

楊美美 邱美慈 陳俊朝

「腦科學研究中心」以獨步全球的技術，建構全球第一個果蠅腦神經網路體三維影像資料庫。複雜的人腦有近千億神經細胞，果蠅僅有約10萬，神經網絡比人腦簡單許多，仍可表現諸多如人類細緻又複雜的行為。科學家已定出果蠅的所有基因序列，藉果蠅作為研究行為實驗的動物模式。已有研究成果發表於2012年知名國際期刊Science，發現長期記憶儲存於果蠅腦內特定的神經元，且必需有特定基因的表現參與其中。

The Brain Research Center with its unrivaled technology has created the world’s first 3D fruit fly neural network database. The human brain has close to 100 billion neurons while the fruit fly has about 100,000. Although their neural network is more simplistic, it can behave in a complicated and meticulous way similar to that of a human being. Scientists have already listed and identified the entire genetic make up of the fruit fly and have used it as an animal model for scientific research. Results were published in 2012 in the international journal “Science.” It was discovered long ago that long-term memory is stored in a pair of specific neurons of the fruit fly, which is activated by specific genes.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2013年9月15日攝於國立清華大學腦科學研究中心。設備：單眼數位相機、近攝鏡頭、近攝環、閃光燈、冷光燈。利用基因操作將螢光蛋白表現至特定果蠅腦神經，固定大腦組織以製備成果蠅腦樣本，再以解剖顯微鏡解剖果蠅腦。神經影像：果蠅腦神經所發出的螢光訊號由共軛焦顯微鏡記錄，影像擷取使用40倍水鏡，共軛焦顯微鏡還具調整雷射光源掃瞄器、全自動螢光顯微鏡與高解析影像紀錄電腦系統共同組成。再進行3D影像處理合成。本計畫由玄奘大學校內專題計畫補助。「腦內玄機」—臺灣科學研究之光。

Taken at the Brain Research Center of National Tsing Hua University on September 15, 2013. Equipment: Single lens reflex camera, close up camera lens, close up adaptor ring, flash, cold cathode. Gene manipulation enabled the fluorescent protein to present itself in specific cranial nerves of the fruit fly. Cerebral tissue was fixed to make a sample of the brain of the fruit fly. Then, stereomicroscope was used to dissect the brain of the fruit fly. Nerve image: The fluorescence signal output from the cranial nerves was recorded with a confocal microscope and captured by a water immersion objective at 40 X magnification, laser scanner, automatic fluorescence microscope and high resolution image recording system. Then, a 3D image was produced and retouched. This “Mystery of the brain”project was funded by Hsuan Chuang University. This is truly a milestone in Taiwan’s scientific research.

你吃了甚麼？

What Have You Eaten?

王文明

開門七件事：「柴、米、油、鹽、醬、醋、茶」。那麼，你每天吃了甚麼？你真的清楚嗎？電子顯微鏡下的糖、鹽與味精，是那麼的像糖果，這就是每天我們吃下肚的東西！瞧，他們是不是繽紛多彩，引人垂涎呢？「鹽」（綠、紫）是生物體不可或缺的物質，供應人體「氯」與「鈉」元素的主要來源，在生理上有特殊的功能。「糖」（紅、藍）可以氧化產生能量，也缺她不可！至於「味精」（黃）嘛…她的成分是麩胺酸，多半是人工合成的，我想…還是少吃為妙！

There are seven necessities of life: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea. What do we consume daily? Are we familiar with it at all? Sugar, salt and MSG look very much like candy under scanning electron microscope. These are what we consume on a day-to-day basis. Don't they look colorful and mouth watering? Salt (green, purple) is a necessity for living creatures and the main provider of “chlorine” and “sodium” which have special functions in the human body. Sugar (red, blue) is another must have, as it can be oxidized to produce energy. MSG (yellow) is made up of glutamic acid. It is artificial and best avoided.

技術說明 Technical Explanation

2002年拍攝、2013年後製。地點：臺南教育大學。使用SEM（掃描式電子顯微鏡）。經亮度與反差調整，並進行部分上色，讓原本黑白的電子顯微鏡照片顯現豐富色彩，再將物件複製，進行排版，藉以凸顯主題。綠色、紫色為鹽；黃色是味精；紅色及藍色是糖。

Taken in 2002 with retouching completed in 2013. Location: National University of Tainan. SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used and the images were retouched to adjust light intensity and contrast. Parts of the photograph were colored to enhance the original black and white image, followed by reproduction and editing to allow for clear presentation of the theme. Green and purple represent salt; yellow represents MSG; red and blue represent sugar.

攝影是攝影者的思想、感情與技術，與攝影時空及對象在當下凝聚而成的結晶。照片無法傳遞完全的真實，但是可以、也應當傳遞攝影者的思想與情感。

A photograph captures a moment in time. It may not provide a comprehensive view or understanding, but it can and should convey the thoughts and emotions of the photographer, as well as his/her technical ability.

索引 Index of Credits

李濤

李鍾旻

汪良奇

林至鴻

林宜潔 胡尚秀

林建毅

林柏衡

林禹辰

林書敏 張敬恩 陳柏全

張智聞

梁珆碩

梁珆碩 林怡均

梁琰 陶先剛 黃微

莊鎮宇 李連忠 曾建智 陳姿吟

許志遠

郭權德

陳加盛

陳亮俊

陳星諭

陳柏亨

陳翎

陳惠玉 謝宜君

陳惠玉 邱繼毅 周冠翰

溫英佐

葉世賢

虞駿

廖培智

劉人豪 周琳晨

蔡岳霖 何健鎔 胡宇光

蔡思怡

大鵬展翅，倦鳥歸巢，生物之美令人目不暇給。金烏月兔東昇西落，流光飛逝，即使沒有生命的物化環境，也都能展現蓬勃的朝氣。透過鏡頭的捕捉，霎那也能化為永恆。

A bird spreads its wings and wearily returns to its nest. The beauty of life is mesmerizing. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, marking the flow of time. However, images captured through a lens become eternal.

第一屆 驚豔‧新視野：科學攝影

指導單位：教育部

主辦單位：國立自然科學博物館

聯合主辦：財團法人國立自然科學博物館文教基金會、科學人雜誌、環球科學雜誌

協辦單位：臺灣水泥股份有限公司、和平電力股份有限公司、三緯企業股份有限公司

第二屆 2015科學攝影：自然與藝術之迷

指導單位：教育部、科技部

主辦單位：國立自然科學博物館

聯合主辦：財團法人國立自然科學博物館文教基金會、科學人雜誌、環球科學雜誌、

財團法人廣達文教基金會

協辦單位：三緯企業股份有限公司、惠宇營建機構惠信建設股份有限公司、

拓凱實業股份有限公司、財團法人劍潭古寺

本書由科技部「科普活動─驚豔新視野：科學攝影特展暨巡迴展」計畫補助出版。特此致謝。

（編號 MOST 104-2515-S-178 -003 -MY2）

http://web2.nmns.edu.tw/Exhibits/104/2015ScienceImages/

實踐團隊

Team Members

監 製 孫維新、周文豪、羅偉哲

策展統籌　楊　翎

顧 問 李家維、何恭算、劉德祥

徵件統籌　譚美芳

空間設計　黃亭絮　　　　　　

平面設計　劉宜羚（第一屆）、侯虹如（第二屆）

媒體協調　王明仁

燈光設計　謝京偉

官網建置　林芳宜

科普講座　張英彥、劉德祥、黃興倬、王誠之、譚美芳、楊翎、林芝儀

藝飾作品　曲德華、陳金蓮

推播評委　許立如、陳慧娟、黃興倬

圖說潤校　周文豪、楊翎、王曉晴、譚美芳、嚴中佑

運輸保險　許美蓉

場務支援　葉書謹、王韻茿、吳佳叡、張宇荏、黃家筠、葉子瑜、李允鳳

巡展協力　洪肇嶽、謝京偉、紀東基、賴玉麟、蔡忠麟、鄭錫恩、黃恆毅、莊建曄、秦志剛、 林政傑、黃炳景、丁原琪、章晨玫、孫如音、陳慧玲、邱馨慧、楊凡慧

公關文創　蔡雪玲、黃星達、謝玉鈴、蕭西君

驚豔．新視野：科學攝影事件簿2014-2015

Amazing New Visions: Science Images 2014-2015

出 版 / 國立自然科學博物館 National Museum of Natural Science

地 址 / 臺灣臺中市館前路一號 1, Guancian Rd., Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C

電 話 / (04)23226940

網 址 / www.nmns.edu.tw

發 行 人 / 孫維新

策 劃 / 周文豪

主 編 / 楊 翎

審　　稿 / 何恭算、劉德祥、黃興倬、李坤瑄、林志隆、吳建德、陳彥君、楊宗愈、楊海莉、鄭明倫

執行編輯 / 蘇麗英

專文作者 / 楊翎、譚美芳

美術編輯 / 厚厚設計工作室

英文編輯 / 羅雪柔

英文翻譯 / 戴以諶

校 對 / 葉書謹、劉珊珊

承 印 / 社團法人中華民國領航弱勢族群創業暨就業發展協會 　

發行日期 / 2016年3月第一版

定 　 價 / NT$ 1000

ISBN/ 978-986-04-8253-9

G P N / 1010500343

展售門市/ 國立自然科學博物館員工消費合作社 地址：404臺中市館前路1號 電話：(04)23226940轉354

五南文化廣場 地址：400臺中市中山路2號 電話：(04)22260330 網址：http://www.wunan.com.tw

國家書局松江門市 地址：104臺北市松江路209號1樓 電話：(02)25180207

國家網路書店：www.govbooks.com.tw

國家圖書館出版品預行編目(CIP)資料

驚艷．新視野：科學攝影事件簿

2014-2015/楊翎，譚美芳專文；楊翎主編，

--第一版.--臺中市：自然科學博物館，2016.03
面； 公分
ISBN 978-986-04-8253-9（精裝）

1.攝影集 2.科學攝影

957.9 105004376